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circulatory system
A+P 1 ch. 30
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| purpose of the circulatory system | transport O2 and nutrients to the cells and CO@ and waste products away from the cells |
| 4 main parts to the circulatory system | heart;blood vessles;blood;lymphatic system |
| where is the heart located | behind the sternum and between the lungs |
| the heart is about the size of a clenched | fist |
| the heart is divided into a right and left side by a muscular wall called the | septum |
| the heart is further divided into | 4 chambers |
| name the 4 chambers of the heart | right and left atrium; right and left ventricle |
| the right atrium and ventricle are separated by what valve | tricuspid |
| the left atrium and ventricle are separated by what valve | bicuspid |
| the bicuspid valve is more commonly known as the | mitral valve |
| the name of the lining that covers the interior surface of the heart as well as the valves and interior blood vessels | endocardium |
| outer wall of the heart is surrounded by a sac called the | pericardium |
| the pericaridial layer that lines the sac is | parietal |
| the layer that actually covers the heart | visceral |
| there is fluid between the two layers of pericardium to prevent what when the heart beats | friction |
| the first sound that the heart makes is called | lubb or S1 |
| the secodn sound the heart makes is called | dubb or S2 |
| the sounds of the heart are a result of what closing | valves |
| S1 is best heard over what area of the heart | apex |
| S1 is best heard over what area | second intercostal space on either side of the sternum |
| the heart exerts its greatest pressure during the contraction phase, it is called | systole |
| the period of least pressure when the heart is relaxing is called | diastole |
| the pacemaker of the heart is referring to the | SA node |
| the SA and AV nodes send electrical impulses through the heart to start the wave of | contractions |
| 5 types of blood vessles | arteries,arterioles,cappilaries,veins,venules |
| carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body | arteries |
| carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart | veins |
| the walls of these vessels are thin, one cell structures that allows the passage of molecules into the fluid filled tissue spaces surrounding the cells | capillaries |
| what is the only vein that returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart | pulmonary vein |
| what is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs | pulmonary artery |
| deoxygenated blood returns from the body into the | right atrium |
| from the right atrium blood flows through the tricuspid valve into the | right ventricle |
| from the right ventricle blood goes through the pulmonary artery into the | lungs |
| oxygenated blood from the lungs returns via the pulmonary vein into the | left atrium |
| from the left atrium bloods flows through the mitral valve into the | left ventricle |
| left ventricle contracts sends blood out through the aortic semilunar valve into the | aorta |
| the aorta carries the oxygenated blood throughout the | body |
| lymph node becomes tender and swollen in response to infection is called | adenitis |
| organ composed of lymph tissue that lies just beneath the left side of the diaphragm is the | spleen |
| straw colored fluid that makes up half the bloods volume | plasma |
| three protiens that are found in plasma | fibrinogen,serum albumin,serum globulin |
| fibrinogen is needed to help the blood | clot |
| serum albumin helps maintain | blood pressure |
| serum globulin helps form | antibiodies |
| LDL or low density lipoprien is known as the | bad cholesterol |
| HDL or high density lipoprotien is known as the | good cholesterol |
| catheter inserted into the femoral artery to visualize the heart and its vessels | cardiac catheterization |
| tests that uses sound waves to evaluate blood vessles and help diagnose DVT,aneurysms and arterial blockages | doppler ultrasonography |
| test that uses high frequency sound waves to make images of the internal heart structures | echocardiograph |
| most common non invasive test done to identify heart rhythms and detect MI's | EKG |
| type of anemia that is a result of injury or destruction of blood cell formation by the bone marrow | aplastic anemia |
| ballooning out of the wall of an artery often associated with atherosclerosis;arteriosclerosis and hypertension | aneurysm |
| severe chest pain that only lasts a few seconds as a result of a spasm or blockage of coronary arteries | angina |
| what type of aneurysm is detectable by palpating a pulsating mass around the umbilicus | abdominal aortic aneurysm |
| any abnormal changes in the heart rhythm | arrhythmia |
| PVC | premature ventricular contraction |
| PAC | premature atrial contraction |
| PJC | premature junctional contraction |
| inflammation of the peicardium | pericarditis |
| cerebrovascular accident(CVA) also known as | stroke |
| small temporary interruptions of blood flow to the brain lasting a few minutes with no residual affects | transient ischemic attack(TIA) |
| most dangerous type of stroke that causes bleeding in the brain resulting in tissue damage | hemorrhagic stroke |
| poor performance of the heart with related congestion of the circulatory system mostly affecting the left ventricle | congestive heart failure(CHF) |
| a disease of the arteries that surround the heart caused by narrowing or a blockage | coronary artery disease(CAD) |
| a condition in which the heart pumps too weakly to supply the body with blood | heart failure |
| foreign matter such as blood, fat or air that enters and circulates in the blood stream | embolism |
| blood pressure consistently over 140/90 | hypertension |
| hypertension that increases over a long period of time is called | benign hypertension |
| rapid, severe increase in blood pressure not easily controlled is considered | malignant hypertension |
| results in thickening of the walls of the ventricles of the heart | hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
| blood pressure that results in reading below the normal range | hypotension |
| hypotension can result from | acute blood loss;heart failure;shock;kidney failure;thyroid disease |
| abnormal sounds made by blood leaking through a heart vavle | mumur |
| localized inflammation of a vein that causes an alteration of the epithelial lining | phlebitis |
| a secondary condition resulting from chronic venous insufficiency where the blood is stagnant | stasis ulcer |
| refers to a leaking valve | stenotic |
| consistently high heart rate | tachycardia |
| consistently low heart rate | bradycardia |
| stainless steel mesh tube used to keep coronary arteries open | stent |
| autosomal recessive inheritated trait that results in sickle shaped RBC's | sickle cell anemia |
| interference with circulation | infarction |
| backflow of blood | regurgitate |
| device used to deliver a strong electrical current to a persons heart | defibrillator |
Created by:
clarevoyant1019
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