68WM6-Circulatory
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| Heart Location, size, and position | located in mediastinum, 2/3 of mass to the Left, 1/3 to the right, apex on the diaphragm.
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| CPR | Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, rhythmic compression of the heart.
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| Heart Chambers | Two upper chambers, two lower chambers
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| Atria | upper chambers
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| Ventricles | lower chambers
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| Myocardium | cardiac muscle tissue
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| Endocardium | smooth lining of heart chambers
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| Endocarditis | inflammation of the lining of heart chamber
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| Pericardium | covering sac
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| Visceral pericardium or epicardium | inner layer
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| Parietal pericardium | outer layer
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| Systole | contraction
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| Diastole | relaxation
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| Heart Valves | keep blood flowing through the heart and prevent backflow
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| Atriventricular Valves | AV valves, tricuspid and bicuspid valves, located between the atria and ventricles
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| Tricuspid | opening at the right atrium into the right ventricle
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| Bicuspid (mitral) | at the opening of the left atrium into the left ventricle
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| Semilunar valves | Pulmonary valve and Aortic valve
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| Pulmonary valve | beginning of the pulmonary artery
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| Aortic valve | beginning of the aorta
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| "Lup" sound | first sound (lub) cuased by the vibration and closer of the AV valve during contraction of the ventricles (QRS complex)
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| "dup" sound | second sound caused by closure of the semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic valves) during relaxation of the ventricles
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| The heart acts as... | two separate pumps
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| Sequence of blood flow: | Inferior vena cava, superior vena cava> R atrium> R Ventricle> pulmonary valve> pulmonary artery> lung> arterioles> capillaries> venules> pulmonary vein> L atrium> L ventricle> aortic valve> aorta >body.
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| Heart blood supply: | coronary circulation
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| Coronary circulation: | Coronary vein> Coronary sinus> R artrium (when the semilunar valves closed)> Normal sequence of blood flow> coronary artery (branching off from the aorta)> heart muscle!
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| MI | myocardial infarction, heart attack, heart tisse death
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| Angina Pectoris | chest pain caused by inadequate O2 to the heart
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| Coronary bypass surgery | veins from other body parts used to bypass clot in the coronary arteries
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| Ventricular Diastole | heart muscle is supplied with oxygenated blood
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| Cardia cycle | one single heartbeat, last 0.8 seconds
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| Stroke volume | volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle each beat
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| Cardiac Output | amount of blood that one ventricle can pump each minute, average is 5L per min.
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| Conduction system of the heart consists of | SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
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| SA (sinoatrial node) | the pacemaker, located in the wall of R atrium. fires electrical impulse
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| AV node | located in the R atrium (slightly linger the electricle
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| AV bundle (bundle of His) | located in the septum of the ventricle
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| Purkinje fibers | located in the walls of the ventricles (signal the ventricles to contract)
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| ECG | Electrocardiogram, visible tracing of electrical signals
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| P wave | associated with depolarization of the atria
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| QRS complex | associated with depolarization of the ventricles
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| T wave | associated with repolarization of the ventricles
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| Tunica intima | inner layer of endothelial cells (vein has valves)
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| Tunica media | smooth muscle with some elastic tissue, thick in arteries, important in blood pressure regulation (thin in veins)
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| Tunica externa | thin layer of fibrous elastic connective tissue (heavy layer in vein)
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| Systemic circulation | carries blood throughout the body
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| Pulmonary circulation | carries blood to and from lung
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| Hepatic portal circulation | unique blood route through the liver, has two capillary beds, assist with hemostasis of blood glucose level
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| Fetal circulation | circulation before birth, modificat ion required for fetus to efficiently secure oxygen and nutrients from the maternal blood
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| BP | pus or force of the blood in the vessel, highest in the arteries, lowest in the veins
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| Factors influence BP | Blood volume, strength of ventricular contractions, blood viscosity, resistance to blood flow
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| Central venous pressure | venous blood pressure within right atrium
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| Pulse | alternate expansion and recoil of the blood vessel wall
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