Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.

A&P

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Question
Answer
Organic compound are usually held together by __________ bonds   covalent  
🗑
carbon has ___ electrons in its outermost (valence) shell   4  
🗑
What are some elements that bond with carbon that make an organic compound? (5)   hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus  
🗑
the chain of carbon atoms in an organic molecule is called the ____ _______   carbon skeleton  
🗑
many of the carbons are bonded to hydrogen atoms yielding a ___________   hydrocarbon  
🗑
also attached to the carbon skeleton are distinctive _______ ________, other atoms or molecules bound to the hydrocarbon skeleton.   Functional groups  
🗑
each type of functional group has a specific arrangement of atoms the confers characteristics _______ ______ on the organic molecule attached to it   chemical properties  
🗑
small organic molecules can combine into very large molecules that are called ___________   macromolecules  
🗑
macromolecules are usually ______   polymers  
🗑
a _______ is a large molecule formed by the covalent bond of many identical or similar small building-block molecules called monomers   polymer  
🗑
_______ are similar small building-block molecules that make up polymers   monomers  
🗑
the reaction that joins 2 monomers is a ______ _______; during this a hydrogen atom is removed from one monomer and a hydroxyl group is removed from the other to form a molecule of water   dehydration synthesis  
🗑
4 examples of macromolecules   carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids  
🗑
molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures are called ______   isomers  
🗑
____ contain an -OH group, which is polar and hydrophilic due to its electronegative O atom. Molecules with many -OH dissolve easily in water   alcohols  
🗑
____ have an -SH group, which is polar and hydrophilic due to its electronegative S atom.   thiols  
🗑
Certain ____ _____ contain -SH groups, which help stabilized the shape of proteins   amino acids  
🗑
______ contain a carbonyl group within the carbon skeleton.   Ketones  
🗑
the _____ group is polar and hydrophilic due to its electronegative O atom   carbonyl  
🗑
______ have a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon skeleton   aldehydes  
🗑
_____ _____ contain a carboxyl group at the end of the carbon skeleton   carboxylic acids  
🗑
all ___ ____ have a -COOH group at one end   amino acids  
🗑
the negatively charged form of ____ predominates the pH of body cells and is hydrophilic   carboxyl  
🗑
_____ predominate in dietary fats and oils and also occur in our body as triglycerides   ester  
🗑
_____ is an ester of salicylic acid, a pain-relieving molecule found in the bark of the willow tree   aspirin  
🗑
____ contain a phosphate group which is very hydrophilic due to the dual negative charges. An ex is ___ ___, which transfers chemical energy btwn organic molecules during chemical reactions   phosphate adenosine triphosphate (ATP)  
🗑
____ have an -NH2 group which can act as a base and pick up hydrogen ion, giving the amino group a positive charge   amines  
🗑
at the pH of body fluids, most amino groups have a charge of ___   1+  
🗑
all amino acids have a ____ group at one end   amino  
🗑
_____ include sugars, glycogen, starches and cellulose   carbohydrates  
🗑
carbohydrates represent only_-_% of your body mass   2-3  
🗑
in humans and animals, ________ function mainly as a source of chemical energy for generating ATP needed to drive metabolic reactions   carbohydrates  
🗑
Only a few carbohydrates are used for building structural units. Ex is ___, a type of sugar that is a building block for DNA the molecule that carries inherited genetic info   deoxyribose  
🗑
___, _____, and ____ are the elements found in carbohydrates   carbon hydrogen oxygen  
🗑
the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms is usually _:_ rate   2:1  
🗑
carbohydrates generally contain one ____ for each carbon atom   water  
🗑
the three major groups of carbohydrates, based on their size are   monosaccharides disaccharides polysaccharides  
🗑
monosaccharides and disaccharides are known as ____ ____   simple sugars  
🗑
the monomers of carbohydrates, _______ contain from 3 to 7 carbon atoms   monosaccharides  
🗑
Monosaccharides and disaccharides are designed by names ending in _____ with a prefix that indicates the # of carbon atoms   -ose (ex. trioses 3 carbons)  
🗑
a _____ is a molecule formed from the combination of 2 monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis   disaccharide  
🗑
____ have the same molecular formula, but the relative positions of the oxygen and carbon atoms are different, causing the compounds to have different chemical properties   isomers  
🗑
disaccharide can also be split into smaller, simper molecules by ______   hydrolysis  
🗑
some individuals use ___ ____ to limit their sugar consumption for medical reasons, while others do so to avoid calories that might result in weight gain   artificial sweeteners (do not cause tooth decay; reduce the incidence of dental cavities)  
🗑
______ molecules contain tens or hundreds of monosaccharides joined through dehydration synthesis reactions. They usually are insoluble in water and so not taste sweet.   polysaccharides  
🗑
the main polysaccharides in the human body is _____, which is made entirely of glucose monomers linked to one another in branching chains   glycogen  
🗑
______ are polysaccharides formed from glucose by plants. They are found in foods such as pasta and potatoes and are the major carbohydrate in the diet.   starches  
🗑
polysaccharides can be broken down into monosaccharides through ______ reactions   hydrolysis  
🗑
_____ is a polysaccharide formed from glucose by plants that cannot be digested by humans but does provide bulk to help eliminate feces   cellulose  
🗑
2nd important group of organic compounds; makes up 18-25% of body mass; contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen but do not have a ratio of 2:1 of hydrogen to oxygen   lipids  
🗑
the proportion of electronegative oxygen atoms in lipids is usually ___ than in carbohydrates, so there are fewer polar covalent bonds   smaller  
🗑
most lipids are insoluble in polar solvents such as water; they are ______   hydrophobic (only the smallest lipids, some fatty acids, can dissolve in watery blood plasma  
🗑
to become more soluble in blood plasma, other lipid molecules join with hydrophilic protein molecules; this lipid/protein complex is _____ that are soluble bc the proteins are on the outside and the lipids are on the inside   lipoproteins  
🗑
what are examples of lipids?   fatty acids, triglycerides (fats and oils), phospholipids (lipids that contain phosphorus), steroids (lipids that contain rings of carbon), eicosanoids (20-carbon lipids), fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A,D,E,&K) and lipoproteins and others  
🗑
among the simplest lipids are the ___ ___, which are used to synthesize triglycerides and phospholipids or can be catabolized to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Also, they can be saturated or unsaturated.   fatty acid  
🗑
what do fatty acids consists of? (2 things)   carboxyl group and hydrocarbon chain  
🗑
A ____ _____ _____ contains only single covalent bonds btwn the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon chain. Bc they lack double bonds, each carbon atom of the hydrocarbon chain is ______ with hydrogen atoms.   saturated fatty acids saturated  
🗑
____ _____ ____ contains one or more double covalent bonds btwn the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon chain; not completely saturated with hydrogen atoms; has a kink(bend) at the site of the double bond   unsaturated fatty acid  
🗑
if the fatty acid has just one double bond in the hydrocarbon chain, it is ______ and it has just one kink   monounsaturated  
🗑
if a fatty acid has more than one double bond in the hydrocarbon chain, it is _____ and it contains more than one kink   polyunsaturated  
🗑
the most plentiful lipids in your body and in your diet are the ______, also know as _____. It consists of 2 types of building blocks, a single glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules.   triglycerides tri-acylglycerols  
🗑
A 3-carbon _____ molecule forms the backbone of a triglyceride.   glycerol  
🗑
Three fatty acids are attached by ____ _____ reactions, one to each carbon on the glycerol backbone. The chemical bond formed where each water molecule is removed is an _____ _____.   dehydration synthesis ester linkage  
🗑
______ breaks down a single molecule of a triglyceride into 3 fatty acids and glycerol   hydrolysis  
🗑
triglycerides can be either a solid, as a ___, or a liquid, as an ___, at room temp   fat oil  
🗑
what are the 3 functions of triglycerides?   protection insulation energy storage  
🗑
a ___ is a triglyceride that is a solid at room temp and are mostly saturated   fat  
🗑
a fat that mainly consists of saturated fatty acids is called a ____ ___   saturated fat  
🗑
examples of saturated fats?   meat nonskim dairy products plant product (cocoa butter, palm oil, and coconut oil)  
🗑
diets that contain large amounts of saturated fats are associated with disorders such as _____ and ____.   heart disease colorectal cancer  
🗑
an ____ is a triglyceride that is a liquid at room temp and are mostly unsaturated   oil  
🗑
the ___ at the sites of the double bonds prevent the unsaturated fatty acids from closely packing together and solidifying   kink  
🗑
the fatty acids of oil can either be ____ or ____.   monounsaturated or polyunsaturated  
🗑
____ ___ contain triglycerides that mostly consist of monounsaturated fatty acids   monounsaturated fats  
🗑
examples of monounsaturated fats   olive oil, peanut oil, canola oil, canola oil, most nuts and avocados  
🗑
____ _____ contain triglycerides that mostly consist of polyunsaturated fatty acids   polyunsaturated fats  
🗑
examples of polyunsaturated fats   corn oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil and fatty fish(salmon, tuna, and mackerel)  
🗑
both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are believed to decrease the rick of ___ ____   heart disease  
🗑
triglycerides are the body's most highly concentrated form of ___ energy   chemical  
🗑
our capacity to store triglycerides in ____ ____ is unlimited for all practical purposed   adipose (fat)  
🗑
a group of fatty acids called ___ ____ ____ is essential to human health; the cannot be made by the body and must be obtained from foods or supplements   essential fatty acids (EFAs)  
🗑
what are the 3 important EFAs?   omega-3 fatty acids omega-6 fatty acids cis-fatty acids  
🗑
_ and _ are polyunsaturated fatty acids that are believed to promote health;protect against heart disease and stroke by lowering total cholesterol, raising HDL, high density lipoproteins (good cholesterol(GC) and lowering LDL(BC) low density lipoproteins   omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids  
🗑
What do omega-3 and omega-6 also help with? (4)   decrease bone loss by increasing calcium utilization by the body; reduce symptoms of arthritis due to inflammation; promote wound healing; improve certain skin disorders; and improve mental functions  
🗑
primary sources of omega-3? (5)   flaxseed, fatty fish, oils that have large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, fish oils and walnuts  
🗑
primary sources of omega-6? (5)   most processed foods, eggs, baked goods, oils with large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acid, meats  
🗑
the hydrogen atoms on either side of the double bond in oleic acid are on the same side of the unsaturated fatty acid, this is called a ____ ____   cis-fatty acid  
🗑
___ ___ are naturally beneficial unsaturated fatty acids that are used by the body to produce hormonelike regulators and cell membranes   cis-fatty acid  
🗑
when cis-fatty acids are heated, pressurized, and combined with a catalyst in a process called hydrogenation, they are changed to unhealthy _ _; in this acid, hydrogen atoms are on opposite sides of the double bond of an unsaturated fatty acid   trans-fatty acids  
🗑
what are some examples of hydrogenated or trans-fatty acids? (4)   commercially baked goods, salty snack foods, some margarines, and fried foods  
🗑
Trans-fatty acids increase total cholesterol, a decrease in HDL, an increase in LDL, and an increase in triglycerides. Bc of this what can it increase the causes of? (similar to saturated fats)   increase risk in heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases  
🗑
___ have a glycerol backbone and two fatty acid chains attached to the first two carbons; in the third position there is also a phosphate group   phospholipids  
🗑
the phosphate group (PO4^3-) links a small charged group that usually contains nitrogen to the backbone; this portion is said to be the ____ of the molecule and is ____ and due to this it can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules   head polar  
🗑
the two fatty acids make up the ___ of the molecule and are ___ and due to this can interact only with other lipids   tail nonpolar  
🗑
molecules that have both polar and nonpolar parts are called _____   amphipathic  
🗑
____ _____ line up tail-to-tail in a double row to make up much of the membrane that surrounds each cell   amphipathic phospholipids  
🗑
what is the major lipid component of cell membranes?   phospholipids  
🗑
____ have four rings of carbon atoms   steroids  
🗑
___ ____ synthesize other steroids from cholesterol, which has a large nonpolar region consisting of the four rings and a hydrocarbon tail   body cells  
🗑
in the body, the commonly encountered steroids are known as ___ bc they also have at least one hydroxyl (alcohol -OH) group   sterols  
🗑
the polar hydroxyl group make sterols weakly ______   amphipathic  
🗑
what are some examples of steroids? (6)   cholesterol, estrogen and testosterone, cortisol, bile salts, vitamin D, adrenocortical hormones  
🗑
What is needed for cell membrane structure; minor component of all animal cell membranes; precursor of bile salts, vitamin D, and steroid hormones?   cholesterol  
🗑
required for regulating sexual functions; stimulate reproductive functions and sexual characteristics?   estrogen and testosterone  
🗑
is necessary for maintaining normal blood sugar?   cortisol  
🗑
are needed for lipid digestion and absorption?   bile salts  
🗑
related to bone growth; helps regulate calcium level in body; needed for bone growth and repair?   vitamine D  
🗑
help regulate metabolism, resistance to stress, and salt and water balance?   adrenocortical hormones  
🗑
_____ are lipids derived from a 20-carbon fatty acid called arachidonic acid   eicosanoids  
🗑
what are the two principal subclasses of eicosanoids?   prostaglandins and leukotrienes  
🗑
_____ have a variety of functions; they modify responses to hormones, contribute to the inflammatory response, prevent stomach ulcers, dilate (enlarge) airways to lungs, regulate body temp, and influence formation of blood clots (only a few)   Prostaglandins  
🗑
_____ participate in allergic and inflammatory responses   leukotrienes  
🗑
other lipids also include fat-souble vitamins such as ____; vitamins ___, ____, and ___; and _____   beta-carotenes vitamins D, E, K lipoproteins  
🗑
needed for synthesis of vitamin A; function as antioxidants   carotenes  
🗑
promotes wound healing, prevents tissue scarring, contributes to normal structure and function of nervous system, and functions as antioxidant   vitamin E  
🗑
required for synthesis of blood-clotting proteins   vitamin K  
🗑
transport lipids in blood, carry triglycerides and cholesterol to tissues, and remove excess cholesterol from blood   lipoproteins  
🗑
_ are large molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; may also contain sulfur; much more complex in structure then carbohydrates and lipids; have many roles in the body and are largely responsible for the structure of body tissues   proteins  
🗑
proteins make up ___% of body mass   12-18%  
🗑
____ are proteins that speed up most biochemical reactions   enzymes  
🗑
_____ are proteins that defend against invading microbes   antibodies  
🗑
what are the 6 types of proteins?   structural regulatory contractile immunological transport catalytic  
🗑
a type of protein that forms structural framework of various parts of the body?   structural  
🗑
a type of protein that functions as hormones that regulate various physiological processed; control growth and development; as neurotransmitters, mediate responses to nervous system   regulatory  
🗑
a type of protein that allows shortening of muscle cells, which produces movement?   contractile  
🗑
a type of protein that aid responses that protect the body against foreign substances and invading pathogens?   immunological  
🗑
a type of protein that carry vital substances throughout the body?   transport  
🗑
a type of protein that acts as enzymes that regulate biochemical reactions?   catalytic  
🗑
the monomers of proteins are __ ___.   amino acids  
🗑
each of the 20 different amino acids had a ____ atom and 3 important functional groups attached to a central carbon atom: (1) ____, (2) ____, and (3) _____   hydrogen an amino group (-NH2) an acidic carboxyl group (-COOH) a side chain (R group)  
🗑
the covalent bond joining each pair of amino acids is a ____; it always forms btwn the carbon of the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the nitrogen of the amino group of another   peptide bond  
🗑
as the peptide bond is formed, a molecule of water is removed, making this a ____ reaction   dehydration synthesis  
🗑
breaking a peptide bond, as occurs during digestion of dietary proteins, is a _____ reaction (adding a water molecule)   hydrolysis  
🗑
when 2 amino acids combine a ___ results; when 3 amino acids combine a ___ results; when a formation of a chainlike amino acids of 4-9 occurs a ___ results and the formation of a chainlike amino acids of 10 or more a ____ occurs   dipeptide tripeptide peptide polypeptide  
🗑
proteins exhibit ___ levels of structural organization   4  
🗑
a protein's ___ ___ is the unique sequence of amino acids that are linked by covalent peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain; is genetically determined and any changes in a protein's amino acid sequence can have serious consequences for body cells   primary structure  
🗑
in ___ a nonpolar amino acid (valine) replaces a polar amino acid (glutamate) through two mutations in the oxygen-carry protein hemoglobin; this change diminished hemoglobin's water solubility   sickle-cell disease  
🗑
what is the result of sickle-cell disease?   the altered hemoglobin tends to form crystals inside red blood cells, producing deformed, sickle-shaped cells that cannot properly squeeze through narrow blood vessels  
🗑
the __ ___ of a protein is the repeated twisting or folding of neighboring amino acids in the polypeptide chain   secondary structures  
🗑
two common secondary structures are __ __ and __ __ __.   alpha helixes (clockwise spirals) beta pleated sheets  
🗑
the secondary structure of a protein is stabilized by __ bonds, which form at regular intervals along the polypeptide backbone   hydrogen  
🗑
the ___ ___ refers to the three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide chain   tertiary structure  
🗑
the strongest but least common bond in a tertiary structure is a S-S covalent bond called __ __, form btwn the sulfhydryl groups of two monomers of the amino acid cysteine   disulfide bridges  
🗑
often helper molecules known as _____ aid the folding process of proteins   chaperones  
🗑
in those proteins that contain more than one polypeptide chain, the arrangement of the individual polypeptide chains relative to one another is the __ ___   quaternary structure  
🗑
a protein's unique shape permits it to interact with other molecules to carry out a specific ___   functions  
🗑
on the basis of overall shape, proteins are classified as ___ or ___   fibrous globular  
🗑
__ __ are insoluble in water and their polypeptide chains form long strands that are parallel to each other   fibrous proteins  
🗑
fibrous proteins have many __ functions   structural  
🗑
example of fibrous proteins (7)   collagen elastin keratin dystrophin fibrin actin and myosin  
🗑
strengthens bones, ligaments, and tendons   collagen  
🗑
provides stretch in skin, blood vessels, and lung tissue   elastin  
🗑
forms structure of hair and nails and waterproofs the skin   keratin  
🗑
reinforces parts of muscle cells   dystrophin  
🗑
forms blood clots   fibrin  
🗑
are involved in contraction of muscle cells, division in all cells, and transport of substances within cells   actin and myosin  
🗑
__ __ are more or less soluble in water and their polypeptide chains are spherical (globular) in shape   globular proteins  
🗑
globular proteins have __ functions   metabolic  
🗑
examples of globular proteins (8)   enzymes antibodies and complement proteins hemoglobin lipoproteins albumins membrane proteins hormones (insulin)  
🗑
functions as a catalysts   enzymes  
🗑
help protect us against diseases   antibodies and complement proteins  
🗑
transports oxygen   hemoglobin  
🗑
transports lipids and cholesterol   lipoproteins  
🗑
help regulate blood pH   albumins  
🗑
transport substances into and out of cells   membrane proteins  
🗑
help regulate blood sugar level   hormones (insulin)  
🗑
if a protein encounters an altered environment, it may unravel and lose its characteristic shape, this is called __; these proteins are no longer functional   denaturation  
🗑
most catalysts are protein molecules called __   enzymes  
🗑
some enzymes consist of 2 parts - a protein portion called __ and a nonprotein portion called __   apoenzyme cofactor  
🗑
what are the 2 things that a cofactor can be?   metal ion an organic compound called coenzyme  
🗑
__ often are derived from vitamins   coenzyme  
🗑
the names of enzymes usually end in the suffix ___   -ase  
🗑
what are 3 important properties of enzymes   highly specific very efficient (reactions proceed fast) subject to a variety of cellular controls  
🗑
each particular enzyme binds only to specific __ - the reactant molecules on which the enzymes acts   substrates  
🗑
the part of the enzymes that catalyzes the reaction, called the __ __ is thought to fit the substrate like a key fits in a lick   active site  
🗑
in other cases the active site changes its shape to fit snugly around the substrate once the substrate enters the active site this is called an __ __   induced fit  
🗑
enzyme's rate of synthesis and their concentration at any given time are under the control of a cell's __   genes  
🗑
enzymes lower the __ __ of a chemical reaction by decreasing the "randomness of the collisions btwn molecules   activation energy  
🗑
enzymes also help bring the substrates together in the proper __ so that the reaction can occur   orientation  
🗑
what is it called when a substrate and an enzyme come together?   enzyme-substrate complex  
🗑
a __ consists of 2 monosaccharides that have combined by dehydration synthesis   disaccharides  
🗑
__ is made up of glucose monomers and is the stored form of carbohydrate in the human body   glycogen  
🗑
one glycerol and three fatty acids are the building blocks of __   triglycerides  
🗑
__ are amphipathic, having both a polar and nonpolar regions   phospholipids  
🗑
__, which is synthesized in the liver, is the starting material for synthesis of other steroids in the body   cholesterol  
🗑
amino acids are the monomers used to build __   proteins  
🗑
an __ speeds up a chemical reaction without being altered or consumed   enzyme  
🗑
__ __ so named bc they were first discovered in the nuclei of cells, are huge organic molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus   nucleic acids  
🗑
what are the two types of nucleic acids?   deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ribonucleic acid (RNA)  
🗑
__ __ forms the inherited genetic material inside each human cell   deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)  
🗑
each __ is a segment of a DNA molecule; our __ determine the traits we inherit, and by controlling protein synthesis they regulate most of the activities that take place in body cells throughout our lives   genes  
🗑
__ __ relays instructions from the genes to guide each cell's synthesis of proteins from amino acids   ribonucleic acid (RNA)  
🗑
a nucleic acid is a chain of repeating monomers called __   nucleotides  
🗑
what are the three main parts of the DNA?   nitrogenous base pentose sugar (deoxyribose group) phosphate group  
🗑
DNA contains 4 different nitrogenous bases, which contain atoms of __, __, __ and __   C H O N  
🗑
what are the nitrogen bases in DNA?   adenine (A) thymine (T) cytosine (C) guanine (G)  
🗑
adenine and guanine are larger double-ring cases called __; thymine and cytosine are bases called __   purines pyrimidines  
🗑
a nucleotide containing thymine is called a ___ ___, one containing adenine is called __ ___   thymine nucleotide adenine nucleotide  
🗑
a five-carbon sugar called __ attached to each base in DNA   deoxyribose  
🗑
___ ___ alternate with pentose sugars to form the "backbone" of a DNA strand; the bases project inward from the backbone chain   phosphate group  
🗑
Waston-Crick __ __ model, DNA resembles a spiral ladder   double helix  
🗑
2 strands of alternating __ __ and __ __ form the uprights of the ladder in DNA   phosphate group deoxyribose sugars  
🗑
paired bases, held together by ___ bonds, form rungs in DNA   hydrogen  
🗑
adenine always pair with __   thymine  
🗑
cytosine always pairs with __   guaine  
🗑
any change that occurs in the base sequence of a DNA strand is called a __   mutation  
🗑
what can mutations in DNA cause (3)   death of cell cancer produce genetic defects in future generations  
🗑
__ is a single-stranded   RNA  
🗑
the sugar in the RNA nucleotide is the pentose __   ribose  
🗑
RNA contains the pyrimidine base __ instead of thymine   uracil (U)  
🗑
cells contain 3 different types of RNA: __, __, and __; each has a specific role to perform in carrying out the instruction coded in DNA   messenger RNA ribosomal RNA transfer RNA  
🗑
a technique called __ __ is used in research and in courts of law to ascertain whether a person's DNA matches the DNA obtained from samples or pieces of legal evidence such as blood stains or hairs   DNA fingerprinting  
🗑
__ is the "energy currency" of living systems; transfers the energy liberated in exergonic catabolic reactions to power cellular activities that require energy (endergonic reaction)   adenosine triphosphate (ATP)  
🗑
ATP consists of __ __ attached to __, a unit composed of adenine and five-carbon sugar ribose   three phosphate groups adenosine  
🗑
the enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP is called __   ATPase  
🗑
removal the third phosphate group produces a molecule called __ _   adenosine diphosphate (ADP)  
🗑
as the supply of ATP at any given time is limited, a mechanism exists to replenish it: the enzyme __ __ catalyzed the addition of phosphate group to ADP   ATP synthase  
🗑
the energy needed to attached a phosphate group to ADP is supplied mainly by the catabolism of glucose in a process called __ __   cellular respiration  
🗑
cellular respiration has 2 pases __ and __   anaerobic and aerobic  
🗑
in a series of reactions that do not require oxygen, glucose is partially broken down by a series of catabolic reactions into pyruvic acid. Each glucose molecule that is converted into a pyruvic acid molecule yields 2 molecules of ATP. What phase is this?   anaerobic phase  
🗑
In the presence of oxygen, glucose is completely broken down into carbon dioxide and water. These reactions generate heat and 36 to 38 ATP molecules. Which phase is this?   aerobic phase  
🗑


   

Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
 
To hide a column, click on the column name.
 
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
 
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
 
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.

 
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how
Created by: jconsalo
Popular Anatomy sets