medical terminology endocrine system
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| endo | within
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| crin | secrete
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| hormon/o | hormone (to set into motion)
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| thyr/o | thyroid (shield)
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| -physis | growth
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| adren/o | adrenal (ad=near, ren=kidney)
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| cortic/o | cortex
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| parathyroid/o | parathyroid
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| thymus | thymus gland
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| endocrine | ductless glands that secrete hormones directlyinto the blood stream
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| exocrine | carried by a duct to the surface of a tissue
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| gland | any organ or structure that produces a secretion
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| Five function of hormones | regulation of 1. metabolism 2. growth and development 3. reproduction 4. stress response 5. cell permeability
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| aden/o | gland
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| ana | up, back, apart
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| andr/o | male
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| calc/i | calcium
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| cata | to break down or apart
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| dips/o | thirst
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| -dipsia | thirst
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| diure | to urinate
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| -drome | running
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| gluc/o | sugar
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| glyc/o | sugar
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| gonad/o | reproductive organs
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| natri | sodium
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| -oid | resembling
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| pituitary | master gland
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| -plasia | growth or development
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| -tropic | influencing
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| acromegaly | enlargement of the extremities
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| adrenalectomy | removal of the adrenal gland
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| adrenocorticohyperplasia | increased development of the adrenal cortex
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| adrenocorticotropic | pertaining to influencing the adrenal cortex
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| adrenopathy | disease of the adrenal gland
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| endocrinologist | someone who studies the endocrine system or specialist.
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| endocrinopathy | diseases of the endocrine system
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| gonadotropic | substance that encourages the development of the ovaries and testes
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| hypocalcemia | low levels of calcium in the blood
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| hyponatremia | low levels of sodium in the blood
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| parathyroidoma | tumor in the parathyroids
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| prolactin | hormone stimulates the production of milk by the mammary glands
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| thyrogenic | produced by the thyroid
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| thyrotoxicosis | toxic condition of the thyroid gland (hyperactivity of the thyroid)
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| thyrotropic | pertaining to influencing the thyroid gland
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| BS | Blood Sugar
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| FBS | Fasting Blood Sugar
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| GTT | Glucose Tolerance Test
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| GH (Growth Hormone) | stimulates cell growth by increasing protein synthesis
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| TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) | triggers release of thyroid hormones (T3/T4)
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| ACTH | stimulates the release of steroid hormones (glucocorticoids like cortisol) from the adrenal glands
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| Thyroxine | : acts to increase metabolism by improving energy
utilization, oxygen consumption, growth, and development
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| Epinephrine (adrenaline) | helps us with our emergency and stress
response
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| Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) | helps us with our emergency and
stress response
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| Cortisol | promotes glucose and glycogen and synthesis in the liver
in a process called gluconeogenesis to support the body’s cells
with adequate glucose to produce ATP
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| Glucagon | increases blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen to glucose and form glucose from amino acids
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| Insulin | decreases blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to convert glucose to glycogen and facilitating the diffusion of glucose into the body’s cells, where it can be used for energy or stored as lipids
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| Diabetes Mellitus | the inability of the body to regulate its blood
glucose level.
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| Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus | occurs when the body fails to produce sufficient insulin
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| Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | occurs when
the body cells become resistant to the effects of insulin
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