Chapter 3 Anatomy & Physiology
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| this Cell has long extensions allow these cells to quickly transmit electrical impulses from one part of the body to another | Nerve Cells
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| this cell is Elongated, thread-like fibers can shorten to allow body parts to move. | Muscle cells
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| this cell is a concave shape that allows these cells to bend and squeeze through tiny blood vessels | Red Blood Cells
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| these cells have intracellular sacs that store and release substances, such as hormones, enzymes, mucus, and sweat | Gland Cells
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| these cells can recognize and destroy foreign invaders (such as viruses, fungi, and bacteria) | Immune Cells
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| the boundary of the cell is called | Plasma Membrane
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| regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell | Plasma Membrane
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| when only some substances can come through and other can not is called | Selective Permeability
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| A double-Layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus is called | Nuclear Envelope
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| These perforate the nuclear envelope | Nuclear Pores
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| this regulates the passage of molecules into the nucleus as well as out of the nucleus. | Nuclear Pores
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| thread-like structures composed of DNA and protein are called | Chromatin
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| when a cell begins to divide, the chromatin coils tightly into short, rod-like structures called | Chromosomes
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| the center of the nucleus is called the | Nucleolus
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| the Cells protein-producing structures | Ribosomes
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| a gel-like substance that fills the space between the plasma membrane and nucleus | Cytoplasm
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| Packed into the cytoplasm are hundreds, or even thousands of "little organs" called | Organelles
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| Extending thoughout the cytoplasm, from the plasma membrane to the nucleus, is a network of membranous canals and curving sacs called the | Endoplasmic Reticulum
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| every cell contains thousands of granules of protein and RNA called | Ribosomes
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| made of flattened membranous sacs stacked one on top of another is called | Golgi Apparatus
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| receives proteins from the ER and prepares the packages from them for export to other parts of the body | Golgi Apparatus
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| these lie perpendicular to each other just outside the nucleus | Centrioles
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| membranous vesicles that form from pinched-off pieces of the Golgi Apparatus | Lysosomes
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| these contain various enzymes that help brake down protein the cell doesn't need | Lysosomes
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| Sausage-shaped organelles that function as the cells "powerhouse" | Mitochondria
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| the inner membrane folds back and forth across its interior; these folds are called | Cristae
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| the supporting frame of the cell | Cytoskeleton
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| folds of the cell membrane that greatly increase the surface area of the cell | Microvilli
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| hair-like processes along the surface of a cell | Cilia
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| these help move the cell | Flagella
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| mechanisms that move substances in and out of the cell | Passive transport
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| involves the movement of particle from an area of HIGHER concentration to an area of LOWER concentration | Diffusion
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| the point which no further diffusion occurs is called | Equilibrium
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| when particles are EQUALY distributed | Equilibrium
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| A difference in concentration of a substance from one point to another is called | Concentration Gradient
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| A type of diffusion, that involves the diffusion of water down the concentration gradient thorough a selectivity permeable membrane | Osmosis
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| Water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis is called | Osmotic Pressure
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| a solution where the concentration of solutes is the same as it is in the cell is called | isotonic
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| a solution where it contains a HIGHER concentration of solutes compared to the fluid within a cell | Hypertonic
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| A solution where it contains a LOWER concentration of solutes compared to the fluid within a cell | Hypotonic
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| process in which water and dissolved particles are forced across the membrane from an area of higher to lower hydrostatic pressure | Filtration
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| Solutes move up the concentration gradient is called | Active Transport
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| this crucial pump regulates the volume of fluid within cells, provides the electrical potential necessary for nervous system activity, and helps in heat production | Sodium-potassium pump
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| the form of vesicular transport that brings substances into the cell | Endocytosis
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| When a cell engulfs a solid particle and brings it into a cell | Phagocytosis
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| when tiny vacuoles bring droplets of extracellular fluid containing dissolved substances into the cell | Pinocytosis
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| this uses vesicles to release substances outside of the cell | Exocytosis
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| particles move from high to low concentration with the help of a channel protein that's part of the plasma membrane | Facilitated Diffusion
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| DNA stands for | Deoxyribonucleic Acid
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| the Largest and most complex of all molecules | DNA
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| A large molecule made up of many smaller molecules joined together in a sequence that encodes the cell's genetic information is called | Polymer
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| The Base "A" stands for | Adenine
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| The Base "T" stands for | Thymine
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| The Base "G" stands for | Guanine
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| The base "C" stands for | Cytosine
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| the time between mitotic phases is called | Interphase
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| cells that leave the cycle and enter a period of rest in which they don't divide is called | G-Zero
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| A key focus of a cells life cycle is called | Mitosis
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| when the cell splits into two identical daughter cells | Mitosis
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| the growth of organs and tissues in a developing child | Mitosis
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| the repair of damaged tissues following a injury | Mitosis
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| Chromatin Begins to coil and condense to form chromosomes happens in what phase? | Prophase
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| some of the spindle fibers attach to one side of the chromosomes at the centromere. this happens in what phase? | Metaphase
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| the chromosomes line up along the center of the cell. this happens in what phase? | Metaphase
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| the centromeres divide, forming two chromosomes instead of a pair attached chromatids. this happens in what phase? | Anaphase
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| Chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin. happens in what phase? | Telophase
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| Cytoplasm divides and cell membrane closes off is called | Cytokinesis
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