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Cells
Chapter 3 Anatomy & Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| this Cell has long extensions allow these cells to quickly transmit electrical impulses from one part of the body to another | Nerve Cells |
| this cell is Elongated, thread-like fibers can shorten to allow body parts to move. | Muscle cells |
| this cell is a concave shape that allows these cells to bend and squeeze through tiny blood vessels | Red Blood Cells |
| these cells have intracellular sacs that store and release substances, such as hormones, enzymes, mucus, and sweat | Gland Cells |
| these cells can recognize and destroy foreign invaders (such as viruses, fungi, and bacteria) | Immune Cells |
| the boundary of the cell is called | Plasma Membrane |
| regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell | Plasma Membrane |
| when only some substances can come through and other can not is called | Selective Permeability |
| A double-Layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus is called | Nuclear Envelope |
| These perforate the nuclear envelope | Nuclear Pores |
| this regulates the passage of molecules into the nucleus as well as out of the nucleus. | Nuclear Pores |
| thread-like structures composed of DNA and protein are called | Chromatin |
| when a cell begins to divide, the chromatin coils tightly into short, rod-like structures called | Chromosomes |
| the center of the nucleus is called the | Nucleolus |
| the Cells protein-producing structures | Ribosomes |
| a gel-like substance that fills the space between the plasma membrane and nucleus | Cytoplasm |
| Packed into the cytoplasm are hundreds, or even thousands of "little organs" called | Organelles |
| Extending thoughout the cytoplasm, from the plasma membrane to the nucleus, is a network of membranous canals and curving sacs called the | Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| every cell contains thousands of granules of protein and RNA called | Ribosomes |
| made of flattened membranous sacs stacked one on top of another is called | Golgi Apparatus |
| receives proteins from the ER and prepares the packages from them for export to other parts of the body | Golgi Apparatus |
| these lie perpendicular to each other just outside the nucleus | Centrioles |
| membranous vesicles that form from pinched-off pieces of the Golgi Apparatus | Lysosomes |
| these contain various enzymes that help brake down protein the cell doesn't need | Lysosomes |
| Sausage-shaped organelles that function as the cells "powerhouse" | Mitochondria |
| the inner membrane folds back and forth across its interior; these folds are called | Cristae |
| the supporting frame of the cell | Cytoskeleton |
| folds of the cell membrane that greatly increase the surface area of the cell | Microvilli |
| hair-like processes along the surface of a cell | Cilia |
| these help move the cell | Flagella |
| mechanisms that move substances in and out of the cell | Passive transport |
| involves the movement of particle from an area of HIGHER concentration to an area of LOWER concentration | Diffusion |
| the point which no further diffusion occurs is called | Equilibrium |
| when particles are EQUALY distributed | Equilibrium |
| A difference in concentration of a substance from one point to another is called | Concentration Gradient |
| A type of diffusion, that involves the diffusion of water down the concentration gradient thorough a selectivity permeable membrane | Osmosis |
| Water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis is called | Osmotic Pressure |
| a solution where the concentration of solutes is the same as it is in the cell is called | isotonic |
| a solution where it contains a HIGHER concentration of solutes compared to the fluid within a cell | Hypertonic |
| A solution where it contains a LOWER concentration of solutes compared to the fluid within a cell | Hypotonic |
| process in which water and dissolved particles are forced across the membrane from an area of higher to lower hydrostatic pressure | Filtration |
| Solutes move up the concentration gradient is called | Active Transport |
| this crucial pump regulates the volume of fluid within cells, provides the electrical potential necessary for nervous system activity, and helps in heat production | Sodium-potassium pump |
| the form of vesicular transport that brings substances into the cell | Endocytosis |
| When a cell engulfs a solid particle and brings it into a cell | Phagocytosis |
| when tiny vacuoles bring droplets of extracellular fluid containing dissolved substances into the cell | Pinocytosis |
| this uses vesicles to release substances outside of the cell | Exocytosis |
| particles move from high to low concentration with the help of a channel protein that's part of the plasma membrane | Facilitated Diffusion |
| DNA stands for | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| the Largest and most complex of all molecules | DNA |
| A large molecule made up of many smaller molecules joined together in a sequence that encodes the cell's genetic information is called | Polymer |
| The Base "A" stands for | Adenine |
| The Base "T" stands for | Thymine |
| The Base "G" stands for | Guanine |
| The base "C" stands for | Cytosine |
| the time between mitotic phases is called | Interphase |
| cells that leave the cycle and enter a period of rest in which they don't divide is called | G-Zero |
| A key focus of a cells life cycle is called | Mitosis |
| when the cell splits into two identical daughter cells | Mitosis |
| the growth of organs and tissues in a developing child | Mitosis |
| the repair of damaged tissues following a injury | Mitosis |
| Chromatin Begins to coil and condense to form chromosomes happens in what phase? | Prophase |
| some of the spindle fibers attach to one side of the chromosomes at the centromere. this happens in what phase? | Metaphase |
| the chromosomes line up along the center of the cell. this happens in what phase? | Metaphase |
| the centromeres divide, forming two chromosomes instead of a pair attached chromatids. this happens in what phase? | Anaphase |
| Chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin. happens in what phase? | Telophase |
| Cytoplasm divides and cell membrane closes off is called | Cytokinesis |
Created by:
Leci81
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