Chapter 22 definitions
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| Ampulla | Middle portion of the fallopian tube
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| Cervix | Inferior end of the uterus
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| Corpus albicans | Inactive scar tissue that results when the corpus luteum degenerates
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| Corpus luteum | Remnants of the ovarian follicle after ovulation that secretes large amounts of progesterone and small amounts of estrogen
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| Endometrium | Vascular mucous membrane lining the uterus; thickens each cycle in anticipation of receiving a fertilized egg
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| Epididymis | Convoluted tube resting on the side of the testes in which sperm mature
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| Estrogen | Hormone secreted by the ovaries that is responsible for stimulating development of female secondary sex characteristics; it also plays a role in triggering ovulation
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| Fallopian tubes | Tubes extending from near the ovary to the uterus
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| Gametes | Sex cells, which include the speerm in males and the eggs in females
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| Gonads | Primary sex organs; includes the testes in males and the ovaries in females
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| Graafian follicle | A mature follicle of the ovary
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| Infundibulum | Funnel-shaped distal end of the fallopian tube
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| Isthmus | Portion of the fallopian tube closest to the uterus
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| Meiosis | Process of ccell division producing cells (eggs or sperm) that contain half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells
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| Menopause | The period that marks the permanent cessation of menstruation
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| Menstruation | Cyclical shedding of the uterine endometrium
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| Myometrium | Smooth muscle layer of the uterus; contracts during delivery
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| Oocyte | Immature egg
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| Oogenesis | Process whereby a mature ovum is formed
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| Ovarian follicle | Oocyte and surrounding follicular cells
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| Perimetrium | Outer serous layer of uterine wall
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| Prostate gland | Gland that surrounds the neck of the bladder and urethra in males; secretes alkaline fluid that forms part of semen
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| Scrotum | Sac of tissue surrounding the testes
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| Semen | Whitish fluid containing sperm emitted during ejaculation
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| Seminiferous tubules | Tiny ducts in the testes in which sperm are produced
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| Spermatogenesis | Sperm formation that takes place in the seminiferous tbules of the testicles
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| Testes | Male organs that manufacture sperm and produce the male hormone testosterone
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| Testosterone | Primary male sex hormone secreted by the testes
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| Uterus | Muscular chamber that houses and nurtures a growing embryo and fetus
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| Vas deferens | Tube that carries sperm out of the epididymis to the prostatic urethra
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| Spermatic cord | Strand of connective tissue extending from the abdomen to each testicle
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| Median septum | Divides the scrotum, isolating each testicle
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| Cremaster muscle | Surrounding the spermatic cord, it contracts in cold weather to draw the testes closer to the body for warmth
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| Rete testis | Network of vessels leading away from the seminiferous tubules; provide a location in which sperm partially mature
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| Efferent ductules | Conduct immature sperm away from the testis to the epididymis
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| Seminal vesicle | Located at the base of the bladder; secretes a thick, yellowish fluid into the ejaculatory duct that comprises about 60% of semen
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| Bulbourethral glands | Secretes a clear fluid during sexual arousal; serves as a lubricant and neutralizes the acidity of residual urine in the urethra; Cowper's glands
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| Glans penis | Slightly bulging head of the penis
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| Prepuce (male) | Loose skin covering the penis; foreskin
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| Gonadotropn-releasing hormone (GnRH) | Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that marks the onset of puberty
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| Spermatogonia | Primitive sex cells with 46 chromosomes located in the walls of the seminiferous tubules
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| Acrosome | Cap topping the head of the sperm containing enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg during fertilization
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| Fimbriae | Finger-like projections of the fallopian tube that fan over the ovary
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| Hymen | Fold of mucous membrane that partially covers the entrance to the vagina
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| Vestibule | Area inside the labia containing the urethral and vaginal openings
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| Prepuce (female) | Hood of tissue over the clitoris
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| Greater vestibular glands | On either side of the vaginal opening; secretions help keep the vulva moist and provide lubrication during intercourse; Bartholin's glands
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| Lesser vestibular glands | Open into the vestibule near the urinary meatus, prviding lubrication; Skene's glands
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| Acini | Secrete milk during lactation
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| Menarche | First menstrual period
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| Contraception | Birth control
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