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Reproductive System
Chapter 22 definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ampulla | Middle portion of the fallopian tube |
| Cervix | Inferior end of the uterus |
| Corpus albicans | Inactive scar tissue that results when the corpus luteum degenerates |
| Corpus luteum | Remnants of the ovarian follicle after ovulation that secretes large amounts of progesterone and small amounts of estrogen |
| Endometrium | Vascular mucous membrane lining the uterus; thickens each cycle in anticipation of receiving a fertilized egg |
| Epididymis | Convoluted tube resting on the side of the testes in which sperm mature |
| Estrogen | Hormone secreted by the ovaries that is responsible for stimulating development of female secondary sex characteristics; it also plays a role in triggering ovulation |
| Fallopian tubes | Tubes extending from near the ovary to the uterus |
| Gametes | Sex cells, which include the speerm in males and the eggs in females |
| Gonads | Primary sex organs; includes the testes in males and the ovaries in females |
| Graafian follicle | A mature follicle of the ovary |
| Infundibulum | Funnel-shaped distal end of the fallopian tube |
| Isthmus | Portion of the fallopian tube closest to the uterus |
| Meiosis | Process of ccell division producing cells (eggs or sperm) that contain half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells |
| Menopause | The period that marks the permanent cessation of menstruation |
| Menstruation | Cyclical shedding of the uterine endometrium |
| Myometrium | Smooth muscle layer of the uterus; contracts during delivery |
| Oocyte | Immature egg |
| Oogenesis | Process whereby a mature ovum is formed |
| Ovarian follicle | Oocyte and surrounding follicular cells |
| Perimetrium | Outer serous layer of uterine wall |
| Prostate gland | Gland that surrounds the neck of the bladder and urethra in males; secretes alkaline fluid that forms part of semen |
| Scrotum | Sac of tissue surrounding the testes |
| Semen | Whitish fluid containing sperm emitted during ejaculation |
| Seminiferous tubules | Tiny ducts in the testes in which sperm are produced |
| Spermatogenesis | Sperm formation that takes place in the seminiferous tbules of the testicles |
| Testes | Male organs that manufacture sperm and produce the male hormone testosterone |
| Testosterone | Primary male sex hormone secreted by the testes |
| Uterus | Muscular chamber that houses and nurtures a growing embryo and fetus |
| Vas deferens | Tube that carries sperm out of the epididymis to the prostatic urethra |
| Spermatic cord | Strand of connective tissue extending from the abdomen to each testicle |
| Median septum | Divides the scrotum, isolating each testicle |
| Cremaster muscle | Surrounding the spermatic cord, it contracts in cold weather to draw the testes closer to the body for warmth |
| Rete testis | Network of vessels leading away from the seminiferous tubules; provide a location in which sperm partially mature |
| Efferent ductules | Conduct immature sperm away from the testis to the epididymis |
| Seminal vesicle | Located at the base of the bladder; secretes a thick, yellowish fluid into the ejaculatory duct that comprises about 60% of semen |
| Bulbourethral glands | Secretes a clear fluid during sexual arousal; serves as a lubricant and neutralizes the acidity of residual urine in the urethra; Cowper's glands |
| Glans penis | Slightly bulging head of the penis |
| Prepuce (male) | Loose skin covering the penis; foreskin |
| Gonadotropn-releasing hormone (GnRH) | Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that marks the onset of puberty |
| Spermatogonia | Primitive sex cells with 46 chromosomes located in the walls of the seminiferous tubules |
| Acrosome | Cap topping the head of the sperm containing enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg during fertilization |
| Fimbriae | Finger-like projections of the fallopian tube that fan over the ovary |
| Hymen | Fold of mucous membrane that partially covers the entrance to the vagina |
| Vestibule | Area inside the labia containing the urethral and vaginal openings |
| Prepuce (female) | Hood of tissue over the clitoris |
| Greater vestibular glands | On either side of the vaginal opening; secretions help keep the vulva moist and provide lubrication during intercourse; Bartholin's glands |
| Lesser vestibular glands | Open into the vestibule near the urinary meatus, prviding lubrication; Skene's glands |
| Acini | Secrete milk during lactation |
| Menarche | First menstrual period |
| Contraception | Birth control |
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cbooher16
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