Practice exam 3 lec
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| Which of the following does not contribute to a pathogen's invasiveness? | toxins
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| Viruses that have reverse transcriptase are in the | Hepadnaviridae and Retroviridae
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| Antibiotics can lead to septic shock if used to treat | Gram-negative bacterial infections
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| Which of the following is an effect of opsonization? | Increased adherence of host phagocytes to microorganisms
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| What type of infection can be caused by septicemia? | systemic infection
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| A sexually transmitted disease. | direct contact
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| Koch's postulates do not apply to all diseases because | All diseases aren't caused by microorganisms
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| Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a two-part exotoxin. The most likely pathologic effect of this toxin is | Inhibition of protein synthesis
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| Normal microbiota (normal flora) provide protection from infection by which of the following: | All of the above
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| An example of a latent virus infection is: | shingles
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| Which of the following may be used for adherence: | all of the above
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| An example of a latent viral infection is | cold sores
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| Endotoxins are | Part of the gram-negative cell wall
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| Nosocomial infections are most often caused by | Escherichia coli
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| After ingesting a pathogen, lysosomal enzymes produce which of the following | all of the above
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| Which of the following is true about viruses? | all of the above
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| Which of the following diseases is not spread by droplet (aerosol) infection? | botulism
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| A needlestick is an example of which portal of entry? | parenteral
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| Symptoms of protozoan and helminthic diseases are due to | all of the above
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| All of the following statements about biological transmission are true except | houseflies are one of the most important vectors
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| In response to the presence of endotoxin, phagocytes secrete tumor necrosis factor. This causes | A decrease in blood pressure
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| Vasodilation is caused by all of the following except | complement
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| Which of the following is true about Viruses: | cannot multiply outside host cell
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| Which of the following is not characteristic of inflammation? | fever
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| Lysozyme is found in | all of the above
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| A nosocomial infection is | acquired during the course of hospitalization
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| Which of the following does not cause vasodilation? | lysozymes
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| Which of the following is not an effect of histamine? | fever
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| Which of the following is (are) method(s) of avoiding host antibodies | all of the above
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| All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step? | vasodilation
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| The most common route of accidental AIDS transmission to health-care workers is | needlestick
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| The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to | remove microorganisms from the respiratory tract
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| Which of the following is not a chemical factor to protect skin and mucous membrane from infection? | Mucus
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| Which of the following is a not potential reservoir of infection | All of the above may be a reservoir
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| A cold transmitted by a facial tissue | fomite
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| The science that deals with when diseases occur and how they are transmitted is called | Epidemiology
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| Which of the following is (are) a function(s) of inflammation? | all of the above
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| A viral species is a group of viruses that | Have the same genetic information and ecological niche
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| All of the following are communicable diseases except | botulism
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| Which of the following definitions is correct? | all of the above are correct
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| Which of the following is not considered entry via the parenteral route? | inhalation
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| The most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens is the | mucous membranes of the respiratory tract
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| Botulism is caused by an exotoxin, therefore it could easily be prevented by | boiling food prior to consumption
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| Viruses that infect bacteria are called: | bacteriophages
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| Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. This is an example of | nosocomial infection
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| Which method cannot be used to culture viruses in a laboratory? | nutrient agar culture media
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| Bacterial enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase can protect bacteria from: | Phagocytic digestion
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| Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths? | eosinophils
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| Which of the following statements is true: | all of the above are true
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| Symptoms of disease differ from signs of disease in that symptoms | are changes felt by the patient
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| Nonspecific resistance is | the body's defenses against any kind of pathogen
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| "Margination" refers to: | adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels
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| An oncogenic RNA virus must have which of the following enzymes? | Reverse transcriptase
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| Which of the following definitions is incorrect? | Epidemic - fraction of the population having a disease at a specified time
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| Which of the following statements about exotoxins is generally true: | all of the above are true
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