muscle system
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| Muscular system | Provides mobility and movement, produces heat
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| Tendons | anchor muscles to bone and other muscles
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| sarcolemma | special name for the cell membrane of a m. cell
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| sarcoplasm | special name for cytoplasm of a m. cell
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| muscle fiber | a skeletal muscle cell is called a ________
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| fascicles | muscle fibers are grouped into bundles called _________
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| perimysium | fascicles are surrounded by _________
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| Actin | thin contractile proteins that interact with myosin
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| myosin | thicker contractile proteins
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| titin | protein that anchors myosin to the Z line
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| T-tubules | tubes that allow signals to travel into the cell
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| sarcoplasmic reticulum | ER of the m. cell, stores calcium ions
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| Origin | where muscle begins
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| Belly | the thick middle part of a muscle
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| insertion | opposite end of the origin
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| Heads | muscles that have more than one belly
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| Action | the movement a muscle causes when it contracts
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| Prime mover | the primary muscle that brings about the desired movement
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| Antagonist | the muscle that does the opposite of the prime mover
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| synergist | secondary muscle that brings about the desired movement, assists prime mover
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| thermogenesis | heat produced from the normal muscle metabolism
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| Maximus | Largest
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| Minimus | Smallest
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| Major | large
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| Minor | small
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| longus | long
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| brevis | short
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| deltoid | triangular
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| Rhombus | diamond shape
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| sarratus | sawtoothed
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| trapezius | trapezoidal
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| pectoralis | chest
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| brachio | upper arm
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| radialis | radius b.
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| gluteus | buttock
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| femoris | femur
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| sterno | sternum
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| cleido | clavicle
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| Mastoid | mastoid process
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| digiti | finger or toe
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| pollicis | thumb
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| hallicus | big toe
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| lateralis | lateral
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| medialis | medial
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| intermedius | middle
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| profundus | deep
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| superficialis | superficial
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| biceps | 2 heads
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| triceps | 3 heads
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| quadriceps | 4 heads
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| Rectus | straight
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| transverse | sideways/across
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| oblique | diagonal
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| Adductor | adducts
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| abductor | abducts
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| Flexor | flexes
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| extensor | extends
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| levator | elevates
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| frontalis | raises eyebrows
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| orbicularis oculi | closes eyes
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| masseter | closes jaw
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| temporalis | closes jaw
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| sternocleidomastoid | flexes head "prayer muscle"
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| orbicularis oris | draws lips together
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| rectus abdominis | flexes lumbar region to allow bending forward
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| external oblique | stabilizes spine
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| internal oblique | stabilizes spine to maintain posture, permits rotation at waist
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| transversus abdominis | compresses contents of abdomen
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| linea alba | band of connective tissue in the abdomen
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| Deltoid | abducts, flexes, and rotates arm
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| pectoralis major | flexes and adducts upper arm
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| serratus anterior | pulls shoulder down and forward
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| latissimus dorsi | adducts and extends the arm backwards
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| trapezius | raises or lowers shoulders
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| brachialis | flexes the forearm (ulna)
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| biceps brachii | flexes the forearm (radius)
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| triceps brachii | extends the forearm
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| brachioradialis | helps flex the forearm
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| hand and digit extensors | extends the wrist
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| hand and digit flexors | flex the wrist
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| sartorius | adducts and flexes the leg, permits sitting "cross legged"
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| adductor group | adduct the thigh
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| quadriceps femoris | flexes the thigh, extends the leg
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| gluteus maximus | extends the and rotates the thigh outward
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| gluteus medius | abducts and rotates the thigh outward
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| gluteous minimus | abducts and rotates the thigh
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| hamstrings | extend the thigh
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| gastrocnemeus | plantar flexion of the foot
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| soleus | plantar flexion of the foot
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| Thick filaments | Consists of hundreds of myosin molecules stacked together, With the myosin heads facing outward
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| Thin filaments | Consisting of two chains of the contractile protein actin
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| direct attachment | muscle fibers merge with the periosteum of the bone
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| indirect attachment | the epimysium extends past the muscle as a tendon
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| striated | striped
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| involuntary muscle | contracts automatically
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| voluntary muscles | contract at will
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| synaptic cleft | between the end of the motor nerve and the muscle fiber
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| neuromuscular junction | the connection between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber
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| motor units | the neuron and all the fibers it stimulates
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| extensor digitorum longus | dorsiflexion of the foot
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| treppe | the phenomenon, in which each successive twitch contracts more forcefully than the previous one
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| incomplete tetanus | the condition of rapid contraction with only partial relaxation
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| complete tetanus | twitches merge into one prolonged contraction
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| Muscular system | Include the skeletal muscles and accessory muscles
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| cardiac, smooth | Muscular system includes the skeletal muscles, not the _____ or _____ muscle
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| cells | Each molecule is made up of thousands of individual muscle _____
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| sarcoplasm | Fibrils are fibers of the muscle cell that are bound together within the cell membrane and a layer called _____
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| muscle | Fascicles are bundled into the ______
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| Contraction | Muscle cells are specialized for _________
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| Movement | Fibers shorten to produce _____
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| Fibrose | Tendons are made of dense _____ connective tissue
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| Deep fascia | Tendons continuation of ________ that covers the muscle
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| Periosteum | Tendon merges with the _____ to anchor to bone
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| Myofibrils | Sarcoplasm is filled with _______
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| Glycogen and oxygen | Myofibrils store ______
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| Sarcomeres | The contractile units in the muscle fiber
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| Myophilements | Bundles of sarcomeres
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| Myophilements | Made up of actin and myosin
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| Z line | Forms the end boundaries of the sarcomere
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| Cross bridge | Actin forms a _____ with myosin which shortens the sarcomere
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