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Ch9
muscle system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Muscular system | Provides mobility and movement, produces heat |
| Tendons | anchor muscles to bone and other muscles |
| sarcolemma | special name for the cell membrane of a m. cell |
| sarcoplasm | special name for cytoplasm of a m. cell |
| muscle fiber | a skeletal muscle cell is called a ________ |
| fascicles | muscle fibers are grouped into bundles called _________ |
| perimysium | fascicles are surrounded by _________ |
| Actin | thin contractile proteins that interact with myosin |
| myosin | thicker contractile proteins |
| titin | protein that anchors myosin to the Z line |
| T-tubules | tubes that allow signals to travel into the cell |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum | ER of the m. cell, stores calcium ions |
| Origin | where muscle begins |
| Belly | the thick middle part of a muscle |
| insertion | opposite end of the origin |
| Heads | muscles that have more than one belly |
| Action | the movement a muscle causes when it contracts |
| Prime mover | the primary muscle that brings about the desired movement |
| Antagonist | the muscle that does the opposite of the prime mover |
| synergist | secondary muscle that brings about the desired movement, assists prime mover |
| thermogenesis | heat produced from the normal muscle metabolism |
| Maximus | Largest |
| Minimus | Smallest |
| Major | large |
| Minor | small |
| longus | long |
| brevis | short |
| deltoid | triangular |
| Rhombus | diamond shape |
| sarratus | sawtoothed |
| trapezius | trapezoidal |
| pectoralis | chest |
| brachio | upper arm |
| radialis | radius b. |
| gluteus | buttock |
| femoris | femur |
| sterno | sternum |
| cleido | clavicle |
| Mastoid | mastoid process |
| digiti | finger or toe |
| pollicis | thumb |
| hallicus | big toe |
| lateralis | lateral |
| medialis | medial |
| intermedius | middle |
| profundus | deep |
| superficialis | superficial |
| biceps | 2 heads |
| triceps | 3 heads |
| quadriceps | 4 heads |
| Rectus | straight |
| transverse | sideways/across |
| oblique | diagonal |
| Adductor | adducts |
| abductor | abducts |
| Flexor | flexes |
| extensor | extends |
| levator | elevates |
| frontalis | raises eyebrows |
| orbicularis oculi | closes eyes |
| masseter | closes jaw |
| temporalis | closes jaw |
| sternocleidomastoid | flexes head "prayer muscle" |
| orbicularis oris | draws lips together |
| rectus abdominis | flexes lumbar region to allow bending forward |
| external oblique | stabilizes spine |
| internal oblique | stabilizes spine to maintain posture, permits rotation at waist |
| transversus abdominis | compresses contents of abdomen |
| linea alba | band of connective tissue in the abdomen |
| Deltoid | abducts, flexes, and rotates arm |
| pectoralis major | flexes and adducts upper arm |
| serratus anterior | pulls shoulder down and forward |
| latissimus dorsi | adducts and extends the arm backwards |
| trapezius | raises or lowers shoulders |
| brachialis | flexes the forearm (ulna) |
| biceps brachii | flexes the forearm (radius) |
| triceps brachii | extends the forearm |
| brachioradialis | helps flex the forearm |
| hand and digit extensors | extends the wrist |
| hand and digit flexors | flex the wrist |
| sartorius | adducts and flexes the leg, permits sitting "cross legged" |
| adductor group | adduct the thigh |
| quadriceps femoris | flexes the thigh, extends the leg |
| gluteus maximus | extends the and rotates the thigh outward |
| gluteus medius | abducts and rotates the thigh outward |
| gluteous minimus | abducts and rotates the thigh |
| hamstrings | extend the thigh |
| gastrocnemeus | plantar flexion of the foot |
| soleus | plantar flexion of the foot |
| Thick filaments | Consists of hundreds of myosin molecules stacked together, With the myosin heads facing outward |
| Thin filaments | Consisting of two chains of the contractile protein actin |
| direct attachment | muscle fibers merge with the periosteum of the bone |
| indirect attachment | the epimysium extends past the muscle as a tendon |
| striated | striped |
| involuntary muscle | contracts automatically |
| voluntary muscles | contract at will |
| synaptic cleft | between the end of the motor nerve and the muscle fiber |
| neuromuscular junction | the connection between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber |
| motor units | the neuron and all the fibers it stimulates |
| extensor digitorum longus | dorsiflexion of the foot |
| treppe | the phenomenon, in which each successive twitch contracts more forcefully than the previous one |
| incomplete tetanus | the condition of rapid contraction with only partial relaxation |
| complete tetanus | twitches merge into one prolonged contraction |
| Muscular system | Include the skeletal muscles and accessory muscles |
| cardiac, smooth | Muscular system includes the skeletal muscles, not the _____ or _____ muscle |
| cells | Each molecule is made up of thousands of individual muscle _____ |
| sarcoplasm | Fibrils are fibers of the muscle cell that are bound together within the cell membrane and a layer called _____ |
| muscle | Fascicles are bundled into the ______ |
| Contraction | Muscle cells are specialized for _________ |
| Movement | Fibers shorten to produce _____ |
| Fibrose | Tendons are made of dense _____ connective tissue |
| Deep fascia | Tendons continuation of ________ that covers the muscle |
| Periosteum | Tendon merges with the _____ to anchor to bone |
| Myofibrils | Sarcoplasm is filled with _______ |
| Glycogen and oxygen | Myofibrils store ______ |
| Sarcomeres | The contractile units in the muscle fiber |
| Myophilements | Bundles of sarcomeres |
| Myophilements | Made up of actin and myosin |
| Z line | Forms the end boundaries of the sarcomere |
| Cross bridge | Actin forms a _____ with myosin which shortens the sarcomere |
Created by:
Darren24
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