Medical Cell Biology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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Components/character of a cell membrane | show 🗑
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show | Phosphotidylcholine, phosphotidylserine, phosphotidylethanolamine, phosphotidylinositol, and sphingomyelin
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Membrane lipids found in the outer leaflet | show 🗑
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Membrane lipids found in the inner leaflet | show 🗑
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Which membrane lipid should never be in the outer leafleat | show 🗑
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show | Made in the Golgi, carbohydrate that is EXCLUSIVELY attached on the outter leaflet, blood group antigen recognition
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show | Help maintain structural integrity of plasma membrane at extrem temperature. Less cholesterol = more fluidity. More cholesterol = more rigid.
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show | Remodelling or repairing damage from endocytosis, exocytosis, oxidative damage, ROS attacking polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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show | Hydrolyzes phospholipids into lysophospholipid (LPL). FA + Coenzyme A = FattyCoA. LPL + FattyCoA = New Phospholipid
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show | PLA2 hydrolysis phospholipids --> arachidonic acid. 1) Arachidonic acid --> 5-lipoxygenase --> Leukotrienes 2) Arachidonic acid --> cycloxygenase --> PGH2 --> Prostaglandins and thromboxanes
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show | aspirin
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Phospholipase C | show 🗑
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Flippase | show 🗑
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Scramblase | show 🗑
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show | Cannot pump out excess Ca. Influx of Ca inside cell will stimulate scramblase. Scramblase will bring PS on the outer leaflet
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show | minimal PS exposure
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show | Exposure of PS on outer surface
In case of sickle cell anemia, PS should not be on the outer leaflet. This causes cells to stick together
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Lipid Raft | show 🗑
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Lipids | show 🗑
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show | Integral membrane proteins don't flip flop. They can either be single pass or multipass
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show | Membrane spanning region: hydrophobic. Regions in cytosol and outside cell: hydrophilic. Example glycophorin A
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show | Includes transporters, ion channels. Membrane spanning regions may include polar or charged amino acids. Example Band 3
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show | Associated through ionic interaction with an integral or another peripheral membrane protein
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Diffusion | show 🗑
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Osmosis | show 🗑
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Aquaporins | show 🗑
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show | The presence of large molecules on one side balances the greater concentration of a certain ion on the other side. Na+ moves in, water follows, cell burst.
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show | Na+/K+ATpase by pumping out 3 Na+ ions and take 2K+
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Facilitated Transport | show 🗑
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GLUT | show 🗑
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show | Primary and Secondary Active transport
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show | Movement of molecules across a membrane against its concentration gradient. Need ATP
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Secondary active transport | show 🗑
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Primary Active Transport | show 🗑
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show | inhibits Na/K ATPase pump. Increases [Na+] and [Ca2+]. Increases contractile activity
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show | Same direction. Example Na/Glucose (or amino acid)
symport (SGLT)
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Antiport | show 🗑
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show | Accumulation of Cl- ions outside of cell. Sweat test will show elevated level of Cl-
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