Muscular System
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| Muscular System includes | the skeletal muscles and accessory structures.
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| Musculare system provides | mobility, movement, and it produces heat.
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| The muscular system includes the skeletal muscles not the | cardiac or smooth muscle.
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| Each muscular structure is made up of thousands of individual | muscle cell.
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| Muscle cell also known as | fibers.
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| Myofibrils are fibers of the muscle cell that are bound together within the cell membrane and a layer called | endomysium.
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| fibers are bundled into | fascicles.
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| Fascicles are surrounded by | perimysium.
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| Fascicles are bundled into the muscle surrounded by | the epimysium and the deep fascia.
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| Muscles are specialized for | contraction.
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| Fibers _______ to produce movement. | shorten.
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| Tendons | anchor muscle to bone and other muscles
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| Tendons are made of | dense fiborous connective tissue.
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| Deep fascia is what covers the muscle. |
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| Tendon merges with the | periosteum to anchor to the bone.
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| What are the two muscle fiber anatomy? | Sacrolemma and Sacroplasm.
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| Sacrolemma | is a special name for the cell membrane of a muscle cell.
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| Sacroplasm | is a special name for the cytoplasm of th emuscle cell.
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| Sacroplasm is filled iwth myofibrils and it stores | glycogen (engergy) and oxygen (breakdown).
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| Sacroplasm contains sacromeres, the contractile units in the muscle fiber and it is bundles into groups called | myofilaments.
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| Myofilaments are made of | actin and myosin.
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| There are 6 parts of the anatony of a sacromere. | Z-line, Actin, Myosin, Titin, and Troponin & Tropomyosin.
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| Z-line also known as | Z disc.
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| Z-disc is a protein backbone that anchors | actin filaments.
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| Z-disc forms the end boundaries of the | sacromeres.
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| Actin also known as | thin filaments.
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| Actin thin contractile protein that interacts with | myosin.
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| Myosin also known as | thick filaments.
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| Myosin has thicker contractile | proteins.
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| Titin | proteins that anchors myosin to the Z-line.
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| Actin forms a _____________ with myosin which shortens the sacromere. | crossbridge.
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| Troponin & Tropomyosin | inhibits proteins that prevent contraction when relaxed.
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| Troponin & Tropomyosin is attach to actin and blocks __________ from forming a cross bridge. | Myosin.
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| Neuromuscular Junction | is a motor nerve ending at each muscle fiber. And it is one per fiber.
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| Axon Termina also known as | Motor End Plate
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| Motor End Plate also known as | Synaptic Knob.
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| Axon Termina has an elarge end of the motor neuron | and it contains sacs of the neurotransmitter Acetycholine (ACh)
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| Synapse also known as | synaptic cleft.
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| Synapse is the junction between the ____________ and the ___________ _____________. | axon terminal and muscle fiber sarcolemma.
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| Acetycholine is release across the synapse is called | exocytosis.
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| Sarcolemma | is the cell membrane of the muscle fiber.
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| Abbreviation for Acetycholine | ACh
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| ACh attached ot the _____________ in the sacrolemma. | receptors.
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| ACh causes ______________ impulses in the sacrolemma | electrical.
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| Electrical signals travels through the | sarcolemma.
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| Cholinesterase _______________ ACh. | deactivates.
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| T-tubules | tubes that allow signals to travel into the cell.
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| Sacroplasmic reticulum | ER of the muscle cell and stores Calcium ions.
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| Contraction | Calcium is released from the sacroplasmic reticulum binds to troponin and tropomyosin and actin is exposed.
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| Contraction causes actin filaments to pull against mysoin filaments called the | sliding filament mechanism.
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| In contraction the brain recruits higher numbers of _________ based on need. | fibers.
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| Parts of the muscle function are | Origin, Belly, Insertion, Action, and Heads.
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| Origin is where the muscles originate and usually the more _____________ of the two ends. | stationary.
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| Belly | is the thick middle part of the muscle.
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| Insertion | is the opposite of the origin. And is across at least one joint from the origin.
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| Insertion moves toward the origin and shortens the muscle, this determines | Action.
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| Heads | some muscles have more that one belly that we call heads.
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| There are 5 muscle relationships which are | Action, Prime mover, Antagonist, Synergist, and Thermogenisis.
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| Action also known as function, makes the movement of a muscle that | contracts.
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| Prime Mover (Biceps) also known as | Protagonist.
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| Prime mover is the primary muscle that brings about the | desired movement.
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| Antagonist (Tricep) | is the muscle that does the opposite of the prime mover.
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| Synergist (Brachialis Radius) | is the secondary muscles that bring about the desired movement and it assist the prime mover.
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| Relative Terms | A muscle can be a prime mover for one action, but it can be the anatagonist for the opposite action.
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| Thermgenesis | is a heat production from normal muscle metabolism, due to checmical reaction and friction.
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| Thermgenesis increases with | increased activity.
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| Maximus | Largest
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| Minimus | Smallest.
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| Major | Large
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| Minor | Small
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| Longus | Long
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| Brevis | Short
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| Deltoid | Triangular
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| Rhomboid | Diamond-shaped
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| Sarratus | Sawtoothed (serrated)
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| Trapezius | Trapezoidal
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| Pectoralis | Chest
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| Brachio | Upper Arm
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| Radialis | Radius B.
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| Gluteus | Buttock.
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| Femoris | Femur
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| Sterno | Sternum
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| Cleido | Clavicle
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| Mastoid | Mastoid Process.
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| Digiti | Finger or Toe (digits)
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| Pollicis | Thumb
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| Hallicus | Big Toe
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| Lateralis | Lateral
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| Medialis | Medial
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| Intermedius | Middle
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| Profundus | Deep
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| Superficialis | Superficial
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| Biceps | 2 heads
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| Triceps | 3 heads
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| Quadriceps | 4 heads
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| Rectus | Straight
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| Transverse | Sideways/across
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| Oblique | Diagonal.
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| Adductor | Adducts
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| Abductor | abducts
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| Flexor | Flexes
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| Extensor | extends
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| Levator | Elevates
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| Head and Neck Muscles | Frontalis, Orbicularis oculi, masseter, temporalis, sternocleimastoid, and orbicularis.
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| Abdominal Wall Muscles | Rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, and linea alba (not a muscle).
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| Shoulder & Back Muscles | Deltoid, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi, and trapezius.
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| Upper Extremity Muscles | Brachialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, brachioradialis, hand and digit extensors, and hand and digit flexors.
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| Quadriceps Femoris Muscles | Rectoris femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis.
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| Glutes Muscles | Gluteus Maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus.
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| Hamstrings Muscles | Bicep femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.
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| Calf | Gastrocnemeus, soleus and plantaris.
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| --% of the population does not have _______. | 25%, plantaris.
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| Foot & Toe Muscle | tibalis anterior.
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| Quadriceps Femoris | extends the knee.
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| Vastus Medialis | is in between the muscle and it is not visible.
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| Gluteus maximus | extends the hips.
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| Gluteus medius | primarily is a hip abductor.
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| hamstrings | flexion of the knee.
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