Types of Neurons and Neuroglia
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| neuron | a nerve cell that carries an impulse
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| neuroglia | nerve cells that do not carry impulses, outnumber the neurons
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| multipolar neuron | a neuron with numerous dendrites and one axon; motor and interneurons are this shape
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| bipolar neuron | a neuron with two extensions from the soma, one extension being the dendrite and the other the axon; found in the eyes (rods and cones)
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| unipolar neuron | a neuron with one extension from the soma that eventually splits into a separate dendrite and axon; found in ganglia outside the spinal cord
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| sensory neuron | a neuron that carries an impulse from the PNS to the CNS
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| interneuron | a neuron that connects a sensory and motor neuron, integrates information and makes decisions
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| motor neuron | a neuron that carries an impulse from the CNS to the PNS
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| afferent neuron | another term for a sensory neuron
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| efferent neuron | another term for a motor neuron
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| association neuron | another term for an interneuron
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| PNS | peripheral nervous system that includes your spinal and cranial nerves
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| CNS | the central nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord
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| nerve | a group/bundle of axons in the PNS
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| tract | a bundle/group of axons in the CNS
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| ganglion | a group of somas in the PNS
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| nucleus | a group of somas in the CNS
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| astrocyte | a star-shaped glial cell that physically supports neurons, helps transmit impulses by regulating ion concentrations; found in the CNS
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| microglia | smallest type of glial cell, found in CNS and digests foreign particles
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| Schwann cells | glial cells in the PNS that myelinate axons
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| oligodendrocytes | glial cells that myelinate axons in the CNS
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| ependymal cells | ciliated glial cells found within the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord, the cilia helps circulate the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
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Created by:
smonahan
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