Respiratory system
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| Functions of Respiratory System | Oxygen and CO2 exchange
sound productions
Abdominal Compressions
Protective and Reflexive Movements
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| External Nose Functions | airway for respiration, moist/warms entering air, filters inhaled air ,resonating chamber for speech,olfactory
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| What is the External nose made up of ? | Nasal Bones and Cartilages
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| What are the Nasal Cartilages ? | Lateral Nasal, Greater & Lesser Alar Cartilages
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| Nasal Cavity made of | Apertures (choanae), Hard/soft palate, Vesitibule
lined with mucosa, filters air
cilated cells"hair like structures"
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| Paranasal sinuses | paired sinuses in face bones adjacent to nasal cavity.
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| Pharynx | connects nosal & oral cavities to larynx and esophagus
Nasopharynx
oropharynx
lyryngopharynx
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| Nasopharynx | upper part, connects with nasal cavity above soft palate. uvula, auditory tube, pharyngeal tonsils
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| Oropharynx | palatine and lingual tonsils
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| Laryngopharynx | opening to larynx & esophagus (voice box)
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| Trachea | flexible “windpipe”, inferior to larynx, travels through the neck and into mediastinum, dividing at the carina into the R & L main bronchus
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| Main Bronchi | runs obliquely, cares passageway for air into lungs
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| Lobar Bronchii | arise from the primary bronchi, with each one serving as the airway to a specific lobe of the lung
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| Pulmonary Alveoli | gas exchange
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| Gross Anatomy of Lungs | In thoracic cavity, lateral to mediastinum
Apex, Base, Hilum (indentation where blood vessels, bronchi, lymph vessels, and nerves enter/exit lungs), Superior & Inferior Lobes, Olique FIssures
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| Left Lung | 2 Cardiac Notch, Lingula
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| Right Lung | 3 Middle Lobe, Horizontal Fissure
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| Four Surfaces of Each Lung: | mediastinal, base, apex, costal surface
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| Parietal Pleura | covers internal surface of thoracic wall
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| Visceral Pleura | covers external lung surfaces
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| Pleural Cavity | space between parietal and visceral pleurae; fluid filled; decreases friction
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| Rhinitis (disorder) | inflammation of nasal mucosa (cold virus, allergens,
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| Bronchial Asthma | respiratory disorder wheezing; usually of allergic origin
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| Cystic Fibrosis | heredit. causes abnormal thick mucus, leading blockage of respiratory path
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| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary | Disease (COPD) - nonreversible lung disease , combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis; heavy cigarette smokers.
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| Epistaxis | nasal hemorrhage (“nosebleed”)
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| Ventilation | breathing, occurs in respiratory centers of brain in medulla oblongata
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| inspriation | drawing air into lungs
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| Expiration | expelling air from lungs
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| upper respiratory tract | Nasal cavity , Pharynx, Larynz
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| Lower respiratory tract | Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs
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| internal nose | superior,middle,inferior nasal conchae/turbinates,
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| Glottis | in larynx (vocal cords and slitlike opening )
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| circoateynoid | only muscle supplied by the external laryngeal branch of vagus
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