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Chapter 22
Respiratory system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functions of Respiratory System | Oxygen and CO2 exchange sound productions Abdominal Compressions Protective and Reflexive Movements |
| External Nose Functions | airway for respiration, moist/warms entering air, filters inhaled air ,resonating chamber for speech,olfactory |
| What is the External nose made up of ? | Nasal Bones and Cartilages |
| What are the Nasal Cartilages ? | Lateral Nasal, Greater & Lesser Alar Cartilages |
| Nasal Cavity made of | Apertures (choanae), Hard/soft palate, Vesitibule lined with mucosa, filters air cilated cells"hair like structures" |
| Paranasal sinuses | paired sinuses in face bones adjacent to nasal cavity. |
| Pharynx | connects nosal & oral cavities to larynx and esophagus Nasopharynx oropharynx lyryngopharynx |
| Nasopharynx | upper part, connects with nasal cavity above soft palate. uvula, auditory tube, pharyngeal tonsils |
| Oropharynx | palatine and lingual tonsils |
| Laryngopharynx | opening to larynx & esophagus (voice box) |
| Trachea | flexible “windpipe”, inferior to larynx, travels through the neck and into mediastinum, dividing at the carina into the R & L main bronchus |
| Main Bronchi | runs obliquely, cares passageway for air into lungs |
| Lobar Bronchii | arise from the primary bronchi, with each one serving as the airway to a specific lobe of the lung |
| Pulmonary Alveoli | gas exchange |
| Gross Anatomy of Lungs | In thoracic cavity, lateral to mediastinum Apex, Base, Hilum (indentation where blood vessels, bronchi, lymph vessels, and nerves enter/exit lungs), Superior & Inferior Lobes, Olique FIssures |
| Left Lung | 2 Cardiac Notch, Lingula |
| Right Lung | 3 Middle Lobe, Horizontal Fissure |
| Four Surfaces of Each Lung: | mediastinal, base, apex, costal surface |
| Parietal Pleura | covers internal surface of thoracic wall |
| Visceral Pleura | covers external lung surfaces |
| Pleural Cavity | space between parietal and visceral pleurae; fluid filled; decreases friction |
| Rhinitis (disorder) | inflammation of nasal mucosa (cold virus, allergens, |
| Bronchial Asthma | respiratory disorder wheezing; usually of allergic origin |
| Cystic Fibrosis | heredit. causes abnormal thick mucus, leading blockage of respiratory path |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary | Disease (COPD) - nonreversible lung disease , combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis; heavy cigarette smokers. |
| Epistaxis | nasal hemorrhage (“nosebleed”) |
| Ventilation | breathing, occurs in respiratory centers of brain in medulla oblongata |
| inspriation | drawing air into lungs |
| Expiration | expelling air from lungs |
| upper respiratory tract | Nasal cavity , Pharynx, Larynz |
| Lower respiratory tract | Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs |
| internal nose | superior,middle,inferior nasal conchae/turbinates, |
| Glottis | in larynx (vocal cords and slitlike opening ) |
| circoateynoid | only muscle supplied by the external laryngeal branch of vagus |
Created by:
tianastudy
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