Chapter 15 Q & A
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What are the 3 types of blood vessels? | Arteries, veins, and capillaries
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| What is the function of an artery? | To carry blood away from the heart
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| What is the function of a vein? | To carry blood from the body to the heart
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| What is the function of capillaries? | They connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins
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| What are the 3 layers in the blood vessel walls? | Tunica intima (innermost), tunica media (middle), and tunica externa (outer)
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| What is the difference between arteries and arterioles? | Arteries closest to the heart are the largest, as they travel further away, they start to branch and divide, becoming ever smaller. Arterioles are the smallest arteries
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| What is the difference between veins and venules? | Veins closest to the heart are the largest and thickest. Venules are the smallest veins that collect blood from capillaries
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| What is the composition of capillaries? | Only an endothelium and basement membrane. They have very thin walls through which substances can filter
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| What is the 1st pathway of blood in pulmonary circulation? | Blood leaves the right ventricle through the pulmonary trunk, which branches into the right and left pulmonary arteries
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| What is the 2nd pathway of blood in pulmonary circulation? | The pulmonary arteries enter the lungs
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| What is the 3rd pathway of blood in pulmonary circulation? | The pulmonary arteries branch into lobar arteries. These arteries branch into smaller and smaller arteries until ending at the capillary beds
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| What is the 4th pathway of blood in pulmonary circulation? | The capillaries surround the alveoli, where the exchange of oxygen for CO2 occurs
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| What is the final pathway of blood in pulmonary circulation? | The capillaries form venules, which merge to form veins, which merge until they form the pulmonary vein. Oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium
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| What is the 1st pathway of blood in systemic circulation? | Blood from the left ventricle enters the aorta. The right & left coronary arteries branch off the ascending aorta to supply the myocardium
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| What is the 2nd pathway of blood in systemic circulation? | The aortic arch branches into 3 major ateries; brachiocephalic artery (supplies the head & right arm), left common carotid artery (extends into the neck), left subclavian artery (supplies left shoulder and upper arm)
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| What is the 3rd pathway of blood in systemic circulation? | The descending aorta travels down through the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The abdominal aorta branches into right & left common iliac arteries which supply the lower pelvis & the leg
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| Where on the body may pulses be felt? | The carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arteries
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| What are the principle arteries in the body? | Thoracic & abdominal aorta, celiac trunk, gastric splenic and hepatic arteries, renal, superior & inferior mesenteric, subclavian, axillary, brachial, radial, common iliac, internal & external iliac, femoral, popliteal, ant. & post. tibial, dorsalis pedis
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| What are the principle veins in the body? | SVC, IVC, internal & external jugular, cephalic, basilic, median cubital, radial, femoral, popliteal, ant. & post. tibial, fibular, brachiocephalic, subclavian, axillary, hepatic, common, int. & ext. iliac, great saphenous
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| What is the normal range for blood pressure? | Less than 120/80 mm Hg
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| What are the risks of elevated blood pressure? | Heart disease, stroke and heart failure, and kidney damage
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| What is an aneurysm? | A bulge that occurs when a portion of the arterial wall weakens and the blood inside the artery pushes against the weakened area
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| What are the most common sites for aneurysms? | The aorta, the renal arteries, and the circle of Willis (at the base of the brain)
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| What is edema? | Occurs when fluid filters out of the capillaries faster than it is reabsorbed. It appears as swelling in the ankles, fingers, abdomen, or face
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| What are the 3 main causes of edema? | Increased capillary filtration, reduced capillary reabsorption, and obstructed lymphatic drainage
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| What causes vericose veins? | With age, blood vessels become less elastic, causing blood pressure to rise. Veins weaken and stretch. This pulls the cusps of the valves apart, allowing blood to flow backward. The veins become distended
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| What is selective placement? | This means that a catheter starts in 1 blood vessel and then is moved or guided to other vessels
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| What is the "trunk"? | The blood vessel where the catheter is originally introduced
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| What is the first order? | The main artery (trunk) of the vascular family
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| What is the second order? | The first branch off the main artery
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| What is the third order? | The branch from the second order
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