Clinical Signs and Symptoms of GI and Respiratory Pathology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cough of recent origin | Common cold, rhinitis, acute bronchitis, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis or pneumonia (especially if associated with fever)
🗑
|
||||
| Chronic cough | Asthma (+/- wheezing), COPD, bronchiectasis, cardiac failure, dry in oesophageal reflux and ACE inhibitors.
🗑
|
||||
| Cough with postnasal drip or headaches | Upper airway cough syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| Chronic cough with large amounts of purulent sputum | Bronchiectasis
🗑
|
||||
| Cough that is worse in the morning | COPD
🗑
|
||||
| Cough that is worse at night | Asthma
🗑
|
||||
| Small amounts of blood with sputum | Bronchitis
🗑
|
||||
| Frank blood, history of smoking, hoarseness | Bronchial carcinoma
🗑
|
||||
| Dyspnoea with wheeze | Aiway obstruction (COPD or asthma).
🗑
|
||||
| Dyspnoea of sudden onset | Pneumothorax
🗑
|
||||
| Asterixis | Respiratory:
Severe COPD (CO2 retention)
GIT:
Early stage of chronic liver failure
🗑
|
||||
| Central cyanosis | COPD, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia
🗑
|
||||
| Stridor | Anaphylaxis, acute epiglottitis, inhaled foreign body, tumour
🗑
|
||||
| Clubbing | Respiratory Tract:
Lung carcinoma, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, asbestosis.
GIT:
Cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease
🗑
|
||||
| Wasting of interosseous muscles and weakness of abduction | Compression of T1 nerve root (apical lung carcinoma)
🗑
|
||||
| Pulsus paradoxus and tachycardia | Severe asthma
🗑
|
||||
| Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy | Associated with clubbing - Lung carcinomas and pleural fibromas
🗑
|
||||
| Nasal polyps | Asthma
🗑
|
||||
| Engorged turbinates | Allergic conditions
🗑
|
||||
| Poor dentition | respiratory:
Lung abscess, pneumonia
GI:
Fetor, ulcers
🗑
|
||||
| Plethora or cyanosis | SVC obstruction
🗑
|
||||
| Displacement of trachea towards affected side | Upper lobe fibrosis, atelectasis, pneumothorax
🗑
|
||||
| Displacement of trachea away from affected side | Massive pleural effusion, tension pneumothorax
🗑
|
||||
| Barrel chest | Severe asthma or emphysema (gas trapping)
🗑
|
||||
| Pigeon chest | Manifestation of chronic childhood respiratory illness (RSV)
🗑
|
||||
| Funnel chest | Developmental defect
🗑
|
||||
| Harrison's sulcus | Severe childhood asthma or rickets (vitamin D deficiency)
🗑
|
||||
| Kyphocoliosis | Poliomyelitis, Marfan's syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| Subcutaneous emphysema | Pneumothorax, rupture of oesophagus
🗑
|
||||
| Reduced chest wall expansion on one side | Lung fibrosis, consolidation, collpase, pleural effusion, pneumothorax
🗑
|
||||
| Bilateral reduction of chest wall expansion | COPD, diffuse interstitial lung disease
🗑
|
||||
| Paradoxical movement of chest | Diaphragmatic paralysis
🗑
|
||||
| Hoover's sign | COPD
🗑
|
||||
| Increased vocal resonance, fremitus and whispering pectoriloquy | Consolidation
🗑
|
||||
| Stony dull percussion | Pleural effusion
🗑
|
||||
| Hyper-resonant percussion | Bowel, pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax
🗑
|
||||
| Dull percussion | Consolidation, collapsed lung, liver (upper level of dullness at the 5th rib)
🗑
|
||||
| Bronchial breath sounds | Consolidation
🗑
|
||||
| Reduction of breath sounds | COPD (especially emphysema), pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pneumonia, large neoplasm and pulmonary collapse
🗑
|
||||
| High pitched wheezes | Asthma
🗑
|
||||
| Low-pitched wheezes | COPD
🗑
|
||||
| Localised, monophonic wheeze | Fixed bronchial obstruction (carcinoma of the lung)
🗑
|
||||
| Early-inspiratory crackles | COPD
🗑
|
||||
| Late-inspiratory crackles | Disease confined to alveoli eg. asbestosis
🗑
|
||||
| Coarse crackles | Bronchiectasis
🗑
|
||||
| Pleural friction rub | Pleurisy, pneumonia
🗑
|
||||
| Liver ptosis | Emphysema
🗑
|
||||
| Facial plethora, cyanosis,inspiratory stridor, elevated JVP | Positive Pemberton's sign - SVC obstruction
🗑
|
||||
| Peripheral oedema or cyanosis | Cor pulmonale
🗑
|
||||
| Reduced FEV1 and FVC with FEV1 being disproporitonately low. Reduced FEV1/FVC ratio | Obstructive ventilatory defect
🗑
|
||||
| Reduced FEV1 and FVC but increased or normal FEV1/FVC ratio | Restrictive ventilatory defect
🗑
|
||||
| Dull, burning pain in epigastrium that is relieved by foods or antacids. May wake the patient from sleep | Peptic ulcer disease
🗑
|
||||
| Steady epigastric pain that radiates to the back. Relieved by sitting forwards | Pancreatic pain
🗑
|
||||
| Severe, constant pain in the epigastrium that shift the right subcostal region. | Cholecystitis
🗑
|
||||
| Colicky pain in the renal angle that radiates to the groin. | Renal colic
🗑
|
||||
| Colicky pain with vomiting, constipation and abdominal distension | Bowel obstruction
🗑
|
||||
| Anorexia and weight loss | Malignancy, depression.
🗑
|
||||
| Weight loss and increased appetite | Thyrotoxicosis
🗑
|
||||
| Disturbance of taste | Liver disease
🗑
|
||||
| Early satiation | Peptic ulcer disease
🗑
|
||||
| Acute nausea | GIT infections, small bowel obstruction
🗑
|
||||
| Chronic nausea | Pregnancy, opiates, chemotherapy, alcoholism, gastric outlet obstruction, acute hepatobiliary disease
🗑
|
||||
| Heartburn and acid regurgitation | GORD, sliding hiatus herniation
🗑
|
||||
| Dysphagia for solids only | Mechanical obstruction - carcinoma, foreign body, mediastinal tumours
🗑
|
||||
| Dysphagia for solids and liquids | Neuromuscular - achalasia (progressive), diffuse oesophageal spasms
🗑
|
||||
| Odynophagia | Infective oesophagitis, peptic ulceration of oesophagus or oesophageal perforation
🗑
|
||||
| Constipation | Old age, bowel obstruction, codeine, hypothyroidism, pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| Passage of mucus | Solitary rectal uler, fistula, IBS, villous adenoma
🗑
|
||||
| Haematemesis | Gastric ulcers, oesophageal varices, Mallory-Weiss tear (huge due to coughing or vomiting)
🗑
|
||||
| Maelena | Bleeding from oesophagus, duodenum or stomach, chronic peptic ulceration, right sided colonic bleeding.
🗑
|
||||
| Haemaochezia | Haemorrhoids, anal fissures
🗑
|
||||
| Pruritis | Cholestatic liver disease
🗑
|
||||
| Jaundice, painlessly distended gall bladder | Carcinoma of the head of the pancreas - Courvoiser's Sign
🗑
|
||||
| Freckle like spots around the mouth and in the oral mucosa | Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome - associated with hamartomatous polyps in colon
🗑
|
||||
| Generalised skin pigmentation | Haemochromatosis
🗑
|
||||
| Brown-black velvety elevtaions of the epidermis of the axilla. | Acanthosis nigricans - associated with GI carcinoma
🗑
|
||||
| Impaired mental state | Hepatic encephalopathy
🗑
|
||||
| Leuconychia | Hypoalbuminaemia - chronic liver or renal failure.
🗑
|
||||
| Palmar erythema | Chronic liver disease, pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, rheumatoid arthritis
🗑
|
||||
| Pallor or palmar creases and/or conjunctiva | Anaemia - GI blood bloss, malabsorption (folate or B12) or haemolysis (hypersplenism)
🗑
|
||||
| Ecchymoses | Clotting abnormalities, obstructive jaundice
🗑
|
||||
| Petechiae | Chronic excessive alcohol consumption, splenomegaly caused by portal hypertension
🗑
|
||||
| Spider naevi | Cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| Yellow sclera | Hyperbilirubinaemia
🗑
|
||||
| Kayse-Fleisher rings | Wilson's disease
🗑
|
||||
| Xanthelasma | Hypercholesterolaemia
🗑
|
||||
| Bilateral parotid enlargement | Alcoholism
🗑
|
||||
| Unilateral parotid enlargement | Parotid carcinoma, mumps
🗑
|
||||
| Fetor hepaticus | Severe hepatocellular disease, precomatose condition
🗑
|
||||
| Leucoplakia | Poor dental hygiene, smoking, alcohol, sepsis, syphilis
🗑
|
||||
| Glossitis | Deficiences of folate, B12, alcoholism
🗑
|
||||
| Apthous ulceration | Crohn's disease, Coeliac disease
🗑
|
||||
| Angular stomatis (cracks at the corners of the mouth) | Deficiences of vitamin B6, B12, folate or iron
🗑
|
||||
| Candidiasis | Broad spectrum antibiotics, faulty oral hygeinei, iron deficiency, diabetes mellitus
🗑
|
||||
| Enlarged left supraclavicular node (Virchow's node) | Gastric cancer
🗑
|
||||
| Gynaecomastia and hair loss | Chronic liver failure, cirrhosis, alcoholism
🗑
|
||||
| Bulging region of abdomen when patient coughs | Herniation
🗑
|
||||
| Abdominal distension | Food, faeces, foetus, flatus, tumour or phantom pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| Prominent veins - Caput Medusae | Portal hypertension or IVC obstruction
🗑
|
||||
| Visible peristalsis | Pyloric obstruction
🗑
|
||||
| Bluish tinge to umbilicus | Cullen's sign - acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis or severe haemaperitoneum
🗑
|
||||
| Striae | Cushing's syndrome, pregnancy, ascites
🗑
|
||||
| Guarding, rigidity, rebound tenderness, cross tenderness, pain on coughing, pain on straight leg raising | Peritonitis
🗑
|
||||
| Murphy's sign | Cholecystitis
🗑
|
||||
| Hepatomegaly | Metastases, alcoholic liver disease, right heart falure, hepatocellular cancer, haemochromatosis, bilairy obstruction, hepatitis
🗑
|
||||
| Epigastric pain | Myocardial infarction, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, biliary colic
🗑
|
||||
| Left upper quadrant pain | Spleen, renal colic, diverticulitis
🗑
|
||||
| Periumbilical pain | Irritable bowel disease, ischaemic bowel disease, ruptured AAA, appendicits, gastroenteritis
🗑
|
||||
| Left lower quadrant pain | Ovarian, ruptured ectopic pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| Right lower quadrant pain | Ovarian, appendicitis, ruptured ectopic pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| Right upper quadrant pain | Biliary colic, hepatitis, renal colic, diverticulitis
🗑
|
||||
| Hepatosplenomegaly | Portal hypertension with chronic liver disease, acute viral hepatitis, sarcoidosis, leukaemia
🗑
|
||||
| Enlarged kidneys | Renal cell carcinoma, polycystic kidney disease, infiltrative disease
🗑
|
||||
| Palpable, distended bladder | Urinary retention
🗑
|
||||
| Arterial pulsations > 5cm apart | AAA
🗑
|
||||
| Dullness on inspiration of spleen | Splenomegaly
🗑
|
||||
| Suprapubic dullness | Enlarged bladder or pelvic mass
🗑
|
||||
| Dull percussion of flanks which becomes resonant when patient rolled onto one side | Acites -shifting dullness
🗑
|
||||
| Loss of liver dullness | Massive hepatic necrosis, perforated bowel
🗑
|
||||
| High pitched 'tinkling' bowel sounds | Bowel obstruction
🗑
|
||||
| Absent bowel sounds over 4 minutes | Paralytic ileus
🗑
|
||||
| Borboryogmi | Diarrhoea
🗑
|
||||
| Hepatic friction rub | Tumour within the liver, liver abscess, recent liver biopsy, liver infarct
🗑
|
||||
| Splenic friction rub | Splenic infarct
🗑
|
||||
| Venous hum | Intrahepatic portal hypertension
🗑
|
||||
| Renal artery bruits | Renal artery stenosis
🗑
|
||||
| Steatorrhoea | Malabsorption of fat, severe pancreatic disease
🗑
|
||||
| Colorectal cancer (rectum) | Fresh blood with faeces
🗑
|
||||
| Colorectal cancer (left colon) | Tenesmus, faecal urgency, constipation, rectal bleeding
🗑
|
||||
| Colorectal cancer (right colon) | Usually asymptomatic until systemic features (weight loss, anaemia, fatgiue)
🗑
|
||||
| Abdominal fullness, vomiting, problems with absorption and digestion in diabetic patients | Gastroparesis due to neuropathy
🗑
|
||||
| Intermittent dysphagia, regurgitation, a sense of food being stuck in the oesophagus and chest pain | Achalasia (aperistalsis)
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Epoot
Popular Medical sets