Nervous System
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| Glia = ? | Glue
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| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | Everything but the brain and spinal cord
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| Central Nervous System (CNS) | Brain and Spinal cord
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| Oligodenrocytes | Produce myelin in the CNS
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| About ___ glial cells for Each neuron | 50
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| Secretes cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) | Ependymal Cells
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| Myelinated Tissue is called _________ | White matter
(Fat is White)
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| Line ventricles of brain? | Ependymal Cells
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| 12 Cranial, 31 Spinal nerves | PNS
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| Nodes of Ranvier | Spaces between Schawann Cells
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| Somatic Receptors | Skin, Skeletal m., Joints
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| Visceral Reseptors | Internal Organs (AUTONOMIC)
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| Afferent Neurons | Sensory Neurons
Send impulses TO cns
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| Efferent Neurons | Motor Neurons
Send impulses FROM cns
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| Neurilemma | Outer layer of cell
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| Schwann Cells form _______ | Myelin Sheath
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| BBB = ? | Blood Brain Barrier
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| The BBB Prevents ? | Harmful substances from entering the brain
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| Effectors are ______ | Structures effected by efferent neuron
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| Somatic Neurons | Effect Skeletal m.
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| Visceral Neurons | Effect smooth m., cardiac m., and Glands
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| Interneurons | Connect CNS neurons together
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| Interneurons make up ____% of the bodys nerves | 90%
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| Soma = ? | Cell Body
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| Cell body contains ? | Nucleus and organelles
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| Dendrites send impulses ________ the cell body | Towards
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| Axon send impulses ______ the cell body | Away from
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| Have multiple denrites and one axon off the cell body | Multipolar
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| One axon and One denrite off the cell body | Bipolar
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| Pseudounipolar / Unipolar _______ off cell body | One branch off the cell body
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| Axon have _______________ at end of each branch | Synaptic Knob
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| Internevron found only in _______ | CNS
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| Nerves go ________ way | ONLY ONE
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| CNS | Central Nervous System
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| PNS | Peripheral Nervous System
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| CFS | Cerebrospinal Fluid
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| Na+ | Sodium Ions
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| K+ | Potassium Ions
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| Interior rich in Na+ Exterior rich in K+ | Resting potential
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| Region of interior changes from negative to positive | Depolarization
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| Nerve impulses continue down the length of the axon | Action Potential
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| K+ flows out of the cell | Repolarization
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| Membrane is polarized but, Na+ and K+ are on wrong side of membrane | Refactory Period
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| Saltare = ? | To leap
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| Depolarization | Reversal of the charges
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| Makes the membrane more permeable to ions? | Depolarization
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| Sensory Neurons | AFFERENT
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| Motor Neurons | Efferent
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| Net Positive charge on the outside and negative charge on the inside | Polarized
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| Refactory period | Resetting
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| Increases the velocity of nerve transmittion in myelinated fibers | Saltatory Conduction
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| Space between the axons of one neuron and dendrite or cell body of another | Synapse
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| The terminal end of the presynaptic neuron | Synaptic knob
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| Releases neurotransmitter by exocytosis after being signaled by electrical depolarization of the cell membrane | Synaptic knob
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| Chemicals the excite or inhibit a neuron in the synapse | Neurotransmitters
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| Triggers depolarization on the postsynaptic neuron | Neurotransmitters
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| ACh | Acetylcholine
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| The axons of many (not all) neurons are encased in | Myelin Sheath
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| The cell body AKA _______ | Soma
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| Gaps in the myelin sheath | node of Ranvier
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| Consists of the vast network of nerves throughout the body | PNS
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| Consists of the brain and spinal cord | CNS
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| Found ONLY in the CNS | Interneurons
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| Synaptic knobs also called ??? | Processes
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| Electrical balance is restored | Repolarization
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| Region of interior changes from negative to positive | Depolarization
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| extended from the end of the spinal cord is a bundle of nerves called ________ | Cauda Equina
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| Contains fibers that carry sensory information into the spinal cord | Dorsal (posterior) nerve root
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| Single nerve resulting from fusion of dorsal and ventral nerve roots | spinal nerve
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| Nerve contains both sensory and motor nerves | mixed
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| Lack on myelin in matter | Gray matter
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| ______ matter is made of fat causing a _________ color | White, White
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| Innermost layer of spinal cord | pia mater
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| Filled with cerebrospinal fluid | subarachnoid space
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| delicate layer resembling a cobweb | Arachnoid Mater
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| Tough outer layer of spinal cord | Dura Mater
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| Exit from the ventral horn to carry motor information out of the spinal cord | Ventral (anterior) nerve roots
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| lies between the outer coverings of the spinal cord | Epidural space
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| carries cerebrospinal fluid through the spinal cord | Central Canal
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| Gray matter is located ______________ | Mostly Cell bodies of motor neurons and interneurons
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| H-Shaped (butterfly) mass divided into two sets of horns called | Posterior (dorsal) horns & Ventral (anterior) horns
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| intervertebral discs | Gaps between Vertebrae
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| Dura Mater | Lines the cranium and vertebral canal
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| Arachnoid Mater | Web-like strands that connect to pia mater
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| Pia Mater | Inside the arachnoid
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| Meningitis | Inflammation of the meninges
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| Fasciculi AKA __________ | Tracts
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| Ascending means ________ | Up
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| Descending means __________ | Down
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| Bundles of functionally related fibers | Tracts
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| Connective tissue membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord | Meninges
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| DRG | Dorsal root ganglia
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| Only afferent neurons | Sensory nerves
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| Only Efferent neurons | Motor nerves
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| Both sensory and motor neurons | Mixed nerves
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| Cervical nerves are named according to the vertebra _________ | Below
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| Network from the upper cervical nerves | Cervical Plexus
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| Network from the lower cervical nerves | Brachial Plexus
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| supply various structures in pelvis and the entire lower extremity | Lumbar and Sacral plexi
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| Latin for horse tail | Cauda equina
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| Continuation of spinal nerves beyond spinal cord | Cauda Equina
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| Spinal cord reflexes __________ depend on the brain | DO NOT
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| Detect a stimulus and generate an impulse | Receptors
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| Transmit impulse to CNS | Sensory neurons
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| Interprets the impulse sent and redirects it | CNS
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| Transmit impulses to effector | Motor neurons
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| Performs an action | Effector
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| The Patellar reflex | Stretch reflex
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| Regulate heart rate | Cardiac centers
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| Regulate Blood Pressure | Vasomotor Centers
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| Regulates Respiration | Respiratory Centers
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| Coughing, Sneezing, Swallowing, Vomiting | Reflex Centers
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| Posterior to medulla, pons, and 4th ventricle; inferior to occipital lobe of cerebrum | Cerebellum
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| Works in conjunction with inner ear and eyes for equilibrium | Cerebellum
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| Gateway for sensation | Diencephalon
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| Controls the involuntary part of our nervous system | hypothalamus
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| 2 hemispheres, several lobes, connected by corpus colloseum | Cerebrum
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| Cerebrum; White matter is _________ to gray matter | Internal
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| Folds = ? | Gyri
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| Small grooves between gyri | Sulci
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| Deep grooves, separate lobes and hemispheres | Fissure
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| Folding increases ___________ | Surface area
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| Interprets input from eyes | Occipital lobes
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| interprets hearing, smell, learning, memory, and visual recognition | Temporal lobes
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| Olfactory nerve | CN I
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| Optic Nerve | CN II
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| Vestibulochlear nerve | CN VIII
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| Vegus Nerve | CN X
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| CN I | Smell
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| CN II | Vision
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| CN VIII | Hearing and balance
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| CN X | Heart lungs, digestive, urinary
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| Voluntary component that innervates skeletal m | SNS
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| Involuntary component made up of 'visceral motor neurons' that supply effectors | ANS
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| Thoracolumbar division AKA _______________ | Sympathetic Division
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| Fight or Flight | sympathetic division
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| Rest and Digest | Parasypathetic division
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| (efferent) Downstream | Motor Nerves
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| (Afferent) Upstream | Sensory Nerves
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