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Chapter 10 NS
Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Glia = ? | Glue |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | Everything but the brain and spinal cord |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | Brain and Spinal cord |
| Oligodenrocytes | Produce myelin in the CNS |
| About ___ glial cells for Each neuron | 50 |
| Secretes cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) | Ependymal Cells |
| Myelinated Tissue is called _________ | White matter (Fat is White) |
| Line ventricles of brain? | Ependymal Cells |
| 12 Cranial, 31 Spinal nerves | PNS |
| Nodes of Ranvier | Spaces between Schawann Cells |
| Somatic Receptors | Skin, Skeletal m., Joints |
| Visceral Reseptors | Internal Organs (AUTONOMIC) |
| Afferent Neurons | Sensory Neurons Send impulses TO cns |
| Efferent Neurons | Motor Neurons Send impulses FROM cns |
| Neurilemma | Outer layer of cell |
| Schwann Cells form _______ | Myelin Sheath |
| BBB = ? | Blood Brain Barrier |
| The BBB Prevents ? | Harmful substances from entering the brain |
| Effectors are ______ | Structures effected by efferent neuron |
| Somatic Neurons | Effect Skeletal m. |
| Visceral Neurons | Effect smooth m., cardiac m., and Glands |
| Interneurons | Connect CNS neurons together |
| Interneurons make up ____% of the bodys nerves | 90% |
| Soma = ? | Cell Body |
| Cell body contains ? | Nucleus and organelles |
| Dendrites send impulses ________ the cell body | Towards |
| Axon send impulses ______ the cell body | Away from |
| Have multiple denrites and one axon off the cell body | Multipolar |
| One axon and One denrite off the cell body | Bipolar |
| Pseudounipolar / Unipolar _______ off cell body | One branch off the cell body |
| Axon have _______________ at end of each branch | Synaptic Knob |
| Internevron found only in _______ | CNS |
| Nerves go ________ way | ONLY ONE |
| CNS | Central Nervous System |
| PNS | Peripheral Nervous System |
| CFS | Cerebrospinal Fluid |
| Na+ | Sodium Ions |
| K+ | Potassium Ions |
| Interior rich in Na+ Exterior rich in K+ | Resting potential |
| Region of interior changes from negative to positive | Depolarization |
| Nerve impulses continue down the length of the axon | Action Potential |
| K+ flows out of the cell | Repolarization |
| Membrane is polarized but, Na+ and K+ are on wrong side of membrane | Refactory Period |
| Saltare = ? | To leap |
| Depolarization | Reversal of the charges |
| Makes the membrane more permeable to ions? | Depolarization |
| Sensory Neurons | AFFERENT |
| Motor Neurons | Efferent |
| Net Positive charge on the outside and negative charge on the inside | Polarized |
| Refactory period | Resetting |
| Increases the velocity of nerve transmittion in myelinated fibers | Saltatory Conduction |
| Space between the axons of one neuron and dendrite or cell body of another | Synapse |
| The terminal end of the presynaptic neuron | Synaptic knob |
| Releases neurotransmitter by exocytosis after being signaled by electrical depolarization of the cell membrane | Synaptic knob |
| Chemicals the excite or inhibit a neuron in the synapse | Neurotransmitters |
| Triggers depolarization on the postsynaptic neuron | Neurotransmitters |
| ACh | Acetylcholine |
| The axons of many (not all) neurons are encased in | Myelin Sheath |
| The cell body AKA _______ | Soma |
| Gaps in the myelin sheath | node of Ranvier |
| Consists of the vast network of nerves throughout the body | PNS |
| Consists of the brain and spinal cord | CNS |
| Found ONLY in the CNS | Interneurons |
| Synaptic knobs also called ??? | Processes |
| Electrical balance is restored | Repolarization |
| Region of interior changes from negative to positive | Depolarization |
| extended from the end of the spinal cord is a bundle of nerves called ________ | Cauda Equina |
| Contains fibers that carry sensory information into the spinal cord | Dorsal (posterior) nerve root |
| Single nerve resulting from fusion of dorsal and ventral nerve roots | spinal nerve |
| Nerve contains both sensory and motor nerves | mixed |
| Lack on myelin in matter | Gray matter |
| ______ matter is made of fat causing a _________ color | White, White |
| Innermost layer of spinal cord | pia mater |
| Filled with cerebrospinal fluid | subarachnoid space |
| delicate layer resembling a cobweb | Arachnoid Mater |
| Tough outer layer of spinal cord | Dura Mater |
| Exit from the ventral horn to carry motor information out of the spinal cord | Ventral (anterior) nerve roots |
| lies between the outer coverings of the spinal cord | Epidural space |
| carries cerebrospinal fluid through the spinal cord | Central Canal |
| Gray matter is located ______________ | Mostly Cell bodies of motor neurons and interneurons |
| H-Shaped (butterfly) mass divided into two sets of horns called | Posterior (dorsal) horns & Ventral (anterior) horns |
| intervertebral discs | Gaps between Vertebrae |
| Dura Mater | Lines the cranium and vertebral canal |
| Arachnoid Mater | Web-like strands that connect to pia mater |
| Pia Mater | Inside the arachnoid |
| Meningitis | Inflammation of the meninges |
| Fasciculi AKA __________ | Tracts |
| Ascending means ________ | Up |
| Descending means __________ | Down |
| Bundles of functionally related fibers | Tracts |
| Connective tissue membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord | Meninges |
| DRG | Dorsal root ganglia |
| Only afferent neurons | Sensory nerves |
| Only Efferent neurons | Motor nerves |
| Both sensory and motor neurons | Mixed nerves |
| Cervical nerves are named according to the vertebra _________ | Below |
| Network from the upper cervical nerves | Cervical Plexus |
| Network from the lower cervical nerves | Brachial Plexus |
| supply various structures in pelvis and the entire lower extremity | Lumbar and Sacral plexi |
| Latin for horse tail | Cauda equina |
| Continuation of spinal nerves beyond spinal cord | Cauda Equina |
| Spinal cord reflexes __________ depend on the brain | DO NOT |
| Detect a stimulus and generate an impulse | Receptors |
| Transmit impulse to CNS | Sensory neurons |
| Interprets the impulse sent and redirects it | CNS |
| Transmit impulses to effector | Motor neurons |
| Performs an action | Effector |
| The Patellar reflex | Stretch reflex |
| Regulate heart rate | Cardiac centers |
| Regulate Blood Pressure | Vasomotor Centers |
| Regulates Respiration | Respiratory Centers |
| Coughing, Sneezing, Swallowing, Vomiting | Reflex Centers |
| Posterior to medulla, pons, and 4th ventricle; inferior to occipital lobe of cerebrum | Cerebellum |
| Works in conjunction with inner ear and eyes for equilibrium | Cerebellum |
| Gateway for sensation | Diencephalon |
| Controls the involuntary part of our nervous system | hypothalamus |
| 2 hemispheres, several lobes, connected by corpus colloseum | Cerebrum |
| Cerebrum; White matter is _________ to gray matter | Internal |
| Folds = ? | Gyri |
| Small grooves between gyri | Sulci |
| Deep grooves, separate lobes and hemispheres | Fissure |
| Folding increases ___________ | Surface area |
| Interprets input from eyes | Occipital lobes |
| interprets hearing, smell, learning, memory, and visual recognition | Temporal lobes |
| Olfactory nerve | CN I |
| Optic Nerve | CN II |
| Vestibulochlear nerve | CN VIII |
| Vegus Nerve | CN X |
| CN I | Smell |
| CN II | Vision |
| CN VIII | Hearing and balance |
| CN X | Heart lungs, digestive, urinary |
| Voluntary component that innervates skeletal m | SNS |
| Involuntary component made up of 'visceral motor neurons' that supply effectors | ANS |
| Thoracolumbar division AKA _______________ | Sympathetic Division |
| Fight or Flight | sympathetic division |
| Rest and Digest | Parasypathetic division |
| (efferent) Downstream | Motor Nerves |
| (Afferent) Upstream | Sensory Nerves |
Created by:
Stacey Mayo
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