Anatomy/Physiology Chapter 6 - Muscles
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| Ability of skeletal muscles to shorten with force | Contractility
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| The capacity of skeletal muscles to respond to a stimulus | Excitability
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| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility
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| Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | Elasticity
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| Connective tissue sheath that surrounds skeletal muscles | Epimysium
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| Connective tissue sheath located outside of the epimysium | Fascia
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| Muscles that are composed of numerous visible bundles | Fasciculi
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| Single muscle cells | Fibers
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| Loose connective tissues surrounding muscle fasciculi | Perimysium
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| Single cylindrical cell containing several nuclei | Muscle fiber
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| Connective tissue sheath that covers muscle fibers | Endomysium
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| Cytoplasm of each muscle fiber is filled with | Myofibrils
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| Myofibrils | Threadlike structure that extends to one end of a fiber to the other
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| Two major kinds of protein fibers: | Actin and Myosin
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| Thin Myofilaments | Actin
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| Thick Myofilaments | Myosin
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| Highly ordered units formed by actin and myosin myofilaments | Sarcomeres
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| Sarcomere | Basic structural and functional unity of the muscle
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| Arrangement of actin and myosin give a ______ appearance | Banded
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| The ______ extends the length of the myosin | A Band
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| Darker central region of a sarcomere | A Band
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| Light area in center of sarcomere | H Band
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| Dark staining band in center of sarcomere | M Line
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| The outside of most cell membranes is __________ charged | Positively
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| The inside of most cell membranes is __________ charged | Negatively
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| The brief reversal back of charge | Action potential
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| The charge difference across the membrane | Resting membrane potential
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| Nerve cells that carry action potential to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor neurons
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| Neuromuscular junction | Synapse
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| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscles it innervates | Motor unit
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| Enlarged nerve terminal | Presynaptic terminal
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| Space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | Presynaptic cleft
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| Synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called | Acetylcholine
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| The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction | Sliding filament mechanism
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| A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that cause action potential in one or more muscle fibers | Muscle twitch
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| A muscle fiber that will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called | Threshold
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| Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | Tetany
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| Anaerobic respiration | Without oxygen
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| Aerobic repiration | With oxygen
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| When ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in muscle cells | Muscle fatigue
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| Two types of muscle contraction | Isometric and Isotonic
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| Length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases | Isometric (equal distance)
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| The amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes | Isotonic (equal tension)
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| Constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time | Muscle tone
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| ___________ fibers contract quickly and fatigue quickly | Fast-twitch
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| ___________ fibers contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | Slow-twitch
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| The most stationary end of the muscle | Origin
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| The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | Insertion
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| Another name for origin | Head
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| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | Belly
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| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | Synergists
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| Muscles that work in opposition to one another | Antagonists
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| Among a group of synergists, one muscle that plays a prime role in accomplishing the desired movement | Prime mover
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| Four characteristics of a skeletal muscle | Excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity
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| High energy muscle that can be used to produce ATP | Lactic acid
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| Muscle used for raising eyhebrows | Frontalis
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| Two types of tongue muscles | Intrinsic and Extrinsic
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| Closes the eyelids | Orbicularis Oculi
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| Muscle used for smiling | Zygomaticus
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| Sneering muscle | Leavator labii superioris
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| Frowning muscle | Depressor anguli oris
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| Oblique | Inclined position (diagonal)
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| Changes shape of tongue | Intrinsic
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| The time of contraction | Contraction phase
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| Time during which a muscle relaxes | Relaxation phase
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| Two layers of tissue that surround the whole muscle | Fascia and Epimysium
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| Thigh muscle that extends the leg | Quadriceps
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| Hip muscle commonly called buttocks | Gluteus maximus
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| Elevates ribs during respiration | External intercostals
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| Muscle used for winking | Orbicularis oculi
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| Biceps brachii and triceps brachii are | Antagonists
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| Located on either side of linea alba and is crossed by tendinous inscriptions | Rectus abdominus
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| Cardiac muscle is under ___________ control | Involuntary
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| Connective tissue that separates muscles | Fascia
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| Muscles that move the thorx | Thoracic muscles
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