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Chapter Six Muscles
Anatomy/Physiology Chapter 6 - Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ability of skeletal muscles to shorten with force | Contractility |
| The capacity of skeletal muscles to respond to a stimulus | Excitability |
| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility |
| Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | Elasticity |
| Connective tissue sheath that surrounds skeletal muscles | Epimysium |
| Connective tissue sheath located outside of the epimysium | Fascia |
| Muscles that are composed of numerous visible bundles | Fasciculi |
| Single muscle cells | Fibers |
| Loose connective tissues surrounding muscle fasciculi | Perimysium |
| Single cylindrical cell containing several nuclei | Muscle fiber |
| Connective tissue sheath that covers muscle fibers | Endomysium |
| Cytoplasm of each muscle fiber is filled with | Myofibrils |
| Myofibrils | Threadlike structure that extends to one end of a fiber to the other |
| Two major kinds of protein fibers: | Actin and Myosin |
| Thin Myofilaments | Actin |
| Thick Myofilaments | Myosin |
| Highly ordered units formed by actin and myosin myofilaments | Sarcomeres |
| Sarcomere | Basic structural and functional unity of the muscle |
| Arrangement of actin and myosin give a ______ appearance | Banded |
| The ______ extends the length of the myosin | A Band |
| Darker central region of a sarcomere | A Band |
| Light area in center of sarcomere | H Band |
| Dark staining band in center of sarcomere | M Line |
| The outside of most cell membranes is __________ charged | Positively |
| The inside of most cell membranes is __________ charged | Negatively |
| The brief reversal back of charge | Action potential |
| The charge difference across the membrane | Resting membrane potential |
| Nerve cells that carry action potential to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor neurons |
| Neuromuscular junction | Synapse |
| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscles it innervates | Motor unit |
| Enlarged nerve terminal | Presynaptic terminal |
| Space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | Presynaptic cleft |
| Synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called | Acetylcholine |
| The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction | Sliding filament mechanism |
| A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that cause action potential in one or more muscle fibers | Muscle twitch |
| A muscle fiber that will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called | Threshold |
| Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | Tetany |
| Anaerobic respiration | Without oxygen |
| Aerobic repiration | With oxygen |
| When ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in muscle cells | Muscle fatigue |
| Two types of muscle contraction | Isometric and Isotonic |
| Length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases | Isometric (equal distance) |
| The amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes | Isotonic (equal tension) |
| Constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time | Muscle tone |
| ___________ fibers contract quickly and fatigue quickly | Fast-twitch |
| ___________ fibers contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | Slow-twitch |
| The most stationary end of the muscle | Origin |
| The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | Insertion |
| Another name for origin | Head |
| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | Belly |
| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | Synergists |
| Muscles that work in opposition to one another | Antagonists |
| Among a group of synergists, one muscle that plays a prime role in accomplishing the desired movement | Prime mover |
| Four characteristics of a skeletal muscle | Excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity |
| High energy muscle that can be used to produce ATP | Lactic acid |
| Muscle used for raising eyhebrows | Frontalis |
| Two types of tongue muscles | Intrinsic and Extrinsic |
| Closes the eyelids | Orbicularis Oculi |
| Muscle used for smiling | Zygomaticus |
| Sneering muscle | Leavator labii superioris |
| Frowning muscle | Depressor anguli oris |
| Oblique | Inclined position (diagonal) |
| Changes shape of tongue | Intrinsic |
| The time of contraction | Contraction phase |
| Time during which a muscle relaxes | Relaxation phase |
| Two layers of tissue that surround the whole muscle | Fascia and Epimysium |
| Thigh muscle that extends the leg | Quadriceps |
| Hip muscle commonly called buttocks | Gluteus maximus |
| Elevates ribs during respiration | External intercostals |
| Muscle used for winking | Orbicularis oculi |
| Biceps brachii and triceps brachii are | Antagonists |
| Located on either side of linea alba and is crossed by tendinous inscriptions | Rectus abdominus |
| Cardiac muscle is under ___________ control | Involuntary |
| Connective tissue that separates muscles | Fascia |
| Muscles that move the thorx | Thoracic muscles |
Created by:
TRDevaney
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