Anatomy test
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| What is Contractility? | Ability of muscle to shorten with force.
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| What is Excitability? | Capacity of a muscle to respond to a stimulus.
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| What is Extensibility? | Ability to be stretched.
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| What is Elasticity? | Ability to recoil to original length after being stretched.
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| What is the Epimysium? | Connective tissue sheath that surrounds muscles.
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| What is the fascia? | Connective tissue located outside the Epimysium.
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| What is a muscle cell called? | Muscle Fiber
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| What is the Perimysium? | Loose connective tissue that surrounds muscle fascicle.
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| What is the Endomysium? | Connective tissue sheath the surrounds muscle fibers.
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| The cytoplasm of each muscle fiber is filled with what? | Myofibrils.
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| Two major types of protein fibers? | Actin & Myosin.
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| Difference between Actin & Myosin? | Actin is thin and Myosin is thick.
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| What are Sarcomeres? | Highly ordered Actin and Myosin.
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| What is a myofibril? | Sarcomeres joined end to end.
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| How many bands are there? | 2
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| What are the names of those two? | A band and I band.
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| Which one is actin? | I band.
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| What is between the A bands? | H zone.
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| What is the basic structural and functional unit of a muscle? | Sarcomeres.
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| Does a sarcomere extend from I band to I band? | No
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| Does a sarcomere extend from Z line to Z line? | Yes
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| What type of appearance do actin and myosin give? | A banded appearance.
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| does the A band extend the length of myosin? | Yes.
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| What does the H zone contain? | Myosin.
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| Myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere by the? | M line.
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| The outside of most cell membranes is? | Positively Charged.
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| The inside of most cell membranes is? | Negatively charged.
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| What is the charge difference called? | Resting membrane potential.
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| When a muscle cell is stimulated it briefly changes. What is this called? | Action Potential
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| What are motor neurons? | Carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers.
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| Each branch forms a what with each cell? | Neuromuscular junction.
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| What is another name for this? | Synapse.
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| What is a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers called? | Motor unit.
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| Many motor units form a what? | Muscle
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| A neuromuscular junction is formed by what? | An enlarged nerve terminal.
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| Another name for an enlarged nerve terminal is a? | Presynaptic terminal.
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| The space between that and the muscle is? | Synaptic Cleft.
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| the muscle fiber is the? | Postsynaptic terminal.
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| Each presynaptic terminal contains? | Synaptic Vessels.
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| What do they secrete? | Acetylcholine.
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| What does it do? | Diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal causing a change in the postsynapic terminal.
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| This process is called? | Exocytosis.
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| This cuases what? | An influx of sodium ions in the muscle fiber.
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| This causes the muscle to? | Contract.
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| the acetylcholine is broken down by enzymes called? | Acetylcholinesterase.
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| The sliding of actin past myosin is called? | Sliding Filament mechanism.
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| What is a muscle twitch? | Contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus.
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| A muscle wont respond to a stimulus until it meets the? | Threshold.
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| At that point it will contract maximally. This is called? | All-or-none-response.
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| The time between application of a stimulus and contraction is called? | Lag phase.
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| The time of contraction is the? | Contraction Phase.
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| The time during which a muscle relaxes is the? | Relaxation Phase.
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| What is Tetany? | Where a muscle remains contracted without relaxing.
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| The increase is motor units being activated is called? | Recruitment.
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| What is ATP? | Adenosine Triphosphate.
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| Where is it produced? | Mitochondria.
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| It degenerates to what? | ADP.
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| What is the high-energy molecule that ATP stores? | Creatine Phosphate.
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| What is Anaerobic Respiration? | Without Oxygen.
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| What is Aerobic Respiration? | With Oxygen.
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| What is the Oxygen debt? | Amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions.
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| What is muscle fatigue? | When a muscle becomes tired and can't produce enough ATP.
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| Two types of contractions? | Isometric and Isotonic.
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| What is Isometric? | Length doesn't change but tension does.
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| What is Isotonic? | Tension doesn't change but length does.
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| What is muscle tone? | Constant tension produced by muscles.
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| What are Fast-Twitch fibers | Contract quickly and fatigue quickly.
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| What are Slow-Twitch fibers? | Contract slowly and are more resistant to fatigue.
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| What is the origin? | Most stationary end of a muscle.
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| What is the insertion? | Is the end that undergoes the greatest amount of movement.
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| What is the belly? | The point in between the origin and the insertion.
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| What are synergists? | Muscles that work together.
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| What are Antagonists? | Muscles that work against each other.
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| What is the Prime mover? | The muscle that plays the major role.
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| Is it in a group of synergists or antagonists? | Synergists.
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| Occipitofrontales. | Raise eyebrows.
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| Masication. | Chewing.
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| Ztgomaticus. | Smiling.
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| Buccinator. | Flattens the Cheeks.
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