Anatomy/Physiology
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| Contractibility | skeletal muscles shorten with force
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| Excitability | skeletal muscle responds to stimulus
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| Extensibility | skeletal muscles stretches
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| Elasticity | skeletal mucles recoilt ooriginal length after being stretched
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| Epimysium | connective tissue that surrounds skeletal muscle
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| Fascia | connective tissue located outside of the epimysium
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| Fascicle | bundles the compose a muscle
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| Perimysium | loose connective tissue that surrounds the fascicle
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| Myofibrils | a structure that extends from one end of a fiber to the other
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| Actin Myofilaments | THIN myofilaments that resemble 2 strands of pearls twisted together
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| Myosin Myofilaments | THICK myfilaments that resemble bundles of golf club
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| Sarcomeres | formed by both actin a myosin myofilaments
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| Sarcomeres | are joined end to end to form the myofibril
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| Sarcomeres | are the basic structural and funtional unit of the muscle
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| Resting Membrane Potential | the difference across the membrane
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| Action Potential | the reversal back of the charge
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| Motor Neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to muscle fibers
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| Neuromusclular Junction | formed by each branch the connect to the muscle
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| Synapse | Neuromusclular Junction
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| Neuromusclular Junction | formed near the center of a cell
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| Motor Unit | composed of a single motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates
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| Motor Unit | formed a single muscle
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| Presynaptic Terminal | the enlarged nerve terminal
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| Synaptic Cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell
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| Postsynaptic Terminal | the muslce fiber
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| Synaptic Vesicles | secrete a neurotransmitter called Acetylcholine
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| Acetylcholine | diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal
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| Acetylcholine | causes a change in the postsynaptin cell
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| Acetylcholinesterase | rapidly break down the synaptic cleft
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| Sliding Filament Mechanism | the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction
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| Muscle Twitch | the contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus
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| Muscle Twitch | causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers
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| Threshold | point at which the muscle fiber will contract maximally
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| All-or-None Response | the action of the muscle fiber contracting maximally
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| Lag Phase | the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron
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| Lag Phase | the beginning of a contraction
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| Contraction Phase | the time of contraction
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| Relaxation Phase | time during which the muscle relaxes
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| Tetany | when the muscle remains contracted without relaxing
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| Recruitment | increase in number of motor units being activated
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| ATP | adenosine triphosphate
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| Adenosine Triphosphate | needed for energy for muscle contraction
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| Adenosine Triphosphate | produced in the mitochondria
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| ATP | short-lived and unstable
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| ADP | adenosine diphosphate
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| Adenosine Diphosphate | more stable than ATP
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| Creatine Phosphate | a high energy molecule
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| Occipitofrontalis | raises eyebrows
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| Orbicularis Oculi | closes eyelids
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| Orbicularis Oris | puckers lips
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| Buccinator | smiling
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| Kissing Muscles | orbicularis oris and buccinator
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| Zygomaticus | responsible for smiling
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| Levator Labii Superioris | sneering
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| Depressor Anguli Oris | frowning
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| Tongue Muscles | intrinsic and extrinsic
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| Extrinsic Tongue Muscle | moves the tongue
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| Intrinsic Tongue Muscle | changes shape of the tongue
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| Masticating | another name for chewing
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| Masticating Muscles | Masseter, Temporalis, Pteragoids
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| Sternocleidomastoid | located in the neck
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| Pectoralis Major | located in the upper limb of the body
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| Trunk Muscles | erector spinal
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| Erector Spinal | found on each side of the back
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| Erector Spinal | responsible for erect posture
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| Thoracic Muscles | External Intercostal, Internal Intercostal, Diaphragm
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| External Intercostal | contract during inspiration
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| Internal Intercostal | contract during forced expiration
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| Diaphragm | dome shaped muscles responsible for quiet breaths
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| Abdominals | Rectus Abdominis, Linea Alba, Tendinous Inscriptions, External Abdominal Obliques
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| Rectus Abdominus | abs
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| Linea Alba | white line of connective tissue that extends from the sternum to the pubis
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| Tendinous Inscriptions | cross the rectus abdominis in 3 places & form a segmented look in the abs
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| External Abdominal Obliques | internal and transverse
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| Origin | most stationary end of the muscle
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| Insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest amount of movement
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| Belly | the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion
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| Synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements
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| Antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another
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| Prime Mover | the muscle in a group of synergists that plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement
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Created by:
Donielle
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