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Shapter 6: Muscles
Anatomy/Physiology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Contractibility | skeletal muscles shorten with force |
| Excitability | skeletal muscle responds to stimulus |
| Extensibility | skeletal muscles stretches |
| Elasticity | skeletal mucles recoilt ooriginal length after being stretched |
| Epimysium | connective tissue that surrounds skeletal muscle |
| Fascia | connective tissue located outside of the epimysium |
| Fascicle | bundles the compose a muscle |
| Perimysium | loose connective tissue that surrounds the fascicle |
| Myofibrils | a structure that extends from one end of a fiber to the other |
| Actin Myofilaments | THIN myofilaments that resemble 2 strands of pearls twisted together |
| Myosin Myofilaments | THICK myfilaments that resemble bundles of golf club |
| Sarcomeres | formed by both actin a myosin myofilaments |
| Sarcomeres | are joined end to end to form the myofibril |
| Sarcomeres | are the basic structural and funtional unit of the muscle |
| Resting Membrane Potential | the difference across the membrane |
| Action Potential | the reversal back of the charge |
| Motor Neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to muscle fibers |
| Neuromusclular Junction | formed by each branch the connect to the muscle |
| Synapse | Neuromusclular Junction |
| Neuromusclular Junction | formed near the center of a cell |
| Motor Unit | composed of a single motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
| Motor Unit | formed a single muscle |
| Presynaptic Terminal | the enlarged nerve terminal |
| Synaptic Cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| Postsynaptic Terminal | the muslce fiber |
| Synaptic Vesicles | secrete a neurotransmitter called Acetylcholine |
| Acetylcholine | diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal |
| Acetylcholine | causes a change in the postsynaptin cell |
| Acetylcholinesterase | rapidly break down the synaptic cleft |
| Sliding Filament Mechanism | the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction |
| Muscle Twitch | the contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus |
| Muscle Twitch | causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers |
| Threshold | point at which the muscle fiber will contract maximally |
| All-or-None Response | the action of the muscle fiber contracting maximally |
| Lag Phase | the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron |
| Lag Phase | the beginning of a contraction |
| Contraction Phase | the time of contraction |
| Relaxation Phase | time during which the muscle relaxes |
| Tetany | when the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| Recruitment | increase in number of motor units being activated |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| Adenosine Triphosphate | needed for energy for muscle contraction |
| Adenosine Triphosphate | produced in the mitochondria |
| ATP | short-lived and unstable |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate |
| Adenosine Diphosphate | more stable than ATP |
| Creatine Phosphate | a high energy molecule |
| Occipitofrontalis | raises eyebrows |
| Orbicularis Oculi | closes eyelids |
| Orbicularis Oris | puckers lips |
| Buccinator | smiling |
| Kissing Muscles | orbicularis oris and buccinator |
| Zygomaticus | responsible for smiling |
| Levator Labii Superioris | sneering |
| Depressor Anguli Oris | frowning |
| Tongue Muscles | intrinsic and extrinsic |
| Extrinsic Tongue Muscle | moves the tongue |
| Intrinsic Tongue Muscle | changes shape of the tongue |
| Masticating | another name for chewing |
| Masticating Muscles | Masseter, Temporalis, Pteragoids |
| Sternocleidomastoid | located in the neck |
| Pectoralis Major | located in the upper limb of the body |
| Trunk Muscles | erector spinal |
| Erector Spinal | found on each side of the back |
| Erector Spinal | responsible for erect posture |
| Thoracic Muscles | External Intercostal, Internal Intercostal, Diaphragm |
| External Intercostal | contract during inspiration |
| Internal Intercostal | contract during forced expiration |
| Diaphragm | dome shaped muscles responsible for quiet breaths |
| Abdominals | Rectus Abdominis, Linea Alba, Tendinous Inscriptions, External Abdominal Obliques |
| Rectus Abdominus | abs |
| Linea Alba | white line of connective tissue that extends from the sternum to the pubis |
| Tendinous Inscriptions | cross the rectus abdominis in 3 places & form a segmented look in the abs |
| External Abdominal Obliques | internal and transverse |
| Origin | most stationary end of the muscle |
| Insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest amount of movement |
| Belly | the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion |
| Synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| Antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| Prime Mover | the muscle in a group of synergists that plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
Created by:
Donielle
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