Ch.8 Joints
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| involves bending a joint so as to decrease the angle of the joint | flexion
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| involves straitening a joint, increasing the angle between the bones | extension
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| the extremem extension of a joint beyond its normally straight position | hyperextension
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| moving the toes upward | dorsiflexion
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| moving the toes downward | plantar flexion
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| movement of a body part away from the midline of the body | abduction
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| movement of body part toward the midline of the body | adduction
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| distal end of an appendage, such as the arm or leg, moves in a circle | circumduction
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| movement that turns the palm upward | supination
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| movement that turns the palm downward | pronation
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| foot movement that turns the sole medially, toward the other foot | inversion
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| foot movement that turns the sole laterall, away from the other foot | eversion
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| moves part forward -ex. jaw | protraction
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| moves part backward -ex. jaw | retraction
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| also called synarthroses | fibrous joints
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| also called amphiarthroses | cartilaginous joints
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| what joints result when callagen fibers from one bone penetrate the adjacent bone | fibrous joints
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| once growth is complete, the bones of the skell knit together securley, offering protection to the brain | adult skull suture joints are fibrous joints
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| two bones are joined by cartilage | cartilaginous joints
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| slightly movable | cartilaginous joints
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| also called diarthroses | synovial joints
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| freely movable | synovial joints
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| small sacs filled with synovial fluid joints: knee shoulder, and elbow | BURSA
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| busae facilitates | movement and eases friction
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| what are ligaments | tough cords of connective tissue help bind the bones more firmly together
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| a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covers the bone surfaces. in combination with synovial fluid, permits friction-free movement. | articular cartilage
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| joint cavity | small space between the bones allows for freedom of movement
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| slippery, viscous fluid that has the consistency of an egg white | synovial fluid
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| what lubricates the joint, nourishes the cartilage, and contains phagocytes to remove debris | synovial fluid
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| moist, slippery membrane lines the inside of th ejoint capsule | synovial membrane
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| joint capsule | extending from the periosteum of each of the articulating bones is a sheet of connective tissue thatencloses the joint cavity
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