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Ch.8 Joints
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| involves bending a joint so as to decrease the angle of the joint | flexion |
| involves straitening a joint, increasing the angle between the bones | extension |
| the extremem extension of a joint beyond its normally straight position | hyperextension |
| moving the toes upward | dorsiflexion |
| moving the toes downward | plantar flexion |
| movement of a body part away from the midline of the body | abduction |
| movement of body part toward the midline of the body | adduction |
| distal end of an appendage, such as the arm or leg, moves in a circle | circumduction |
| movement that turns the palm upward | supination |
| movement that turns the palm downward | pronation |
| foot movement that turns the sole medially, toward the other foot | inversion |
| foot movement that turns the sole laterall, away from the other foot | eversion |
| moves part forward -ex. jaw | protraction |
| moves part backward -ex. jaw | retraction |
| also called synarthroses | fibrous joints |
| also called amphiarthroses | cartilaginous joints |
| what joints result when callagen fibers from one bone penetrate the adjacent bone | fibrous joints |
| once growth is complete, the bones of the skell knit together securley, offering protection to the brain | adult skull suture joints are fibrous joints |
| two bones are joined by cartilage | cartilaginous joints |
| slightly movable | cartilaginous joints |
| also called diarthroses | synovial joints |
| freely movable | synovial joints |
| small sacs filled with synovial fluid joints: knee shoulder, and elbow | BURSA |
| busae facilitates | movement and eases friction |
| what are ligaments | tough cords of connective tissue help bind the bones more firmly together |
| a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covers the bone surfaces. in combination with synovial fluid, permits friction-free movement. | articular cartilage |
| joint cavity | small space between the bones allows for freedom of movement |
| slippery, viscous fluid that has the consistency of an egg white | synovial fluid |
| what lubricates the joint, nourishes the cartilage, and contains phagocytes to remove debris | synovial fluid |
| moist, slippery membrane lines the inside of th ejoint capsule | synovial membrane |
| joint capsule | extending from the periosteum of each of the articulating bones is a sheet of connective tissue thatencloses the joint cavity |
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ashley032609
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