Anatomy/Muscles
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| The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force? | Contractility
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| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus? | Excitability
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| the ability to bw streched? | Extensibility
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| Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched? | Elasticity
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| Each skletal muscle is surrounded by a conncetive tissue sheath called? | Epimysium
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| Another connective tissure located outside the epimysium? | Fascia
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| A muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called? | Muscle Fasciculi (Fascicle)
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| Fasciculi (Fascicle) are surrounded by loose connective tissue called? | Perumysium
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| The fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells called? | Fibers
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| Each fiber is surrouned by a connective tissue sheath called? | Endomysium
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| The cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with? | Myofibrils
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| A threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other? | Myofibrils
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| Myofibrils consist of 2 major kinds of protein fibers: | Actin and Myosin Myofilaments
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| Resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together? | Actin
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| Resemble bundles of minute golf clubs? | Myosin
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| Actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called? | Sarcomeres
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| The basic stuctural and functional unit of the muscle? | Saromere
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| The charge difference across the membrane is called? | resting membrane potential
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| When a muscle cell is stimulated the membrane charateristics change briefly, the brief reversal back of the charge is called? | action potential
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| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to the sketetal muscle fibers? | motor neurons
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| Axons enter the muscles and branch, each branch that connects to the muscle forms? | A neuromusclular junction or synapse
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| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers in innervates are called? | a motor unit
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| the enlarged nerve terminal: | presynaptoc terminal
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| Space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell : | synaptic cleft
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| Each presynaptic terminal contains: | synaptic vesicles
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| Synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called? | acetylcholine
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| The acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by an enzymes: | Acetylcholinesterase
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| Occurs as action and myosin myofilaments slide past one another causing the sarcomeres to shorten: | Muscle Contraction
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| Tje sliding of action mypfilaments past myosin myofilments during contraction is called? | Sliding Filament Mechanism
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| Contraction of an entire muscle in responce to a stimulus that causes the avtion potential in one or more muscle fibers: | Muscle Twitch
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| A muscle fiber will not respong to a stimulus unti that stimulus reaches a level called? | threshold
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| The time between app;ication of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is? | the lag phase
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| Time of contraction: | contraction phase
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| Time during which the muscle relaxes: | relaxation phase
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| Muscle remains contracted without relaxing: | Tetany
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| The increase in number of motor units being activated is called? | recruitment
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| Needed for energy for muscle contraction: | ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
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| ATP is: | produced in the mitochondria, short-lived and unstable
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| when at rest they cant stockplie ATP but they can store another high engery molecule called? | creatine phosphate
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| Anaerobic Respiration: | without oxygen
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| Aerobic Respiration: | with oxygen
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| The amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells: | Oxygen Debt
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| Results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cell: | muscle fatigue
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| The length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process: | Isometric (equal distance)
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| The amount of tension prodused by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes: | Isotonic (equal tension)
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| Constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time: | Muscle Tone
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| Contract quickly and fatigue quickly: | Fast-Twitch Fibers (white meat of a chickens breast)
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| Contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue: | Slow-Twitch Fibers (dark meat of a ducks breast or leg of chicken)
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| The most stationary end of the muscle: | Origin (head)
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| The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movment: | Insertion
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| The portion of the muscle between the orgin and the insertion: | belly
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| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements are called? | synergists
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| Muscles that work in opposition to one another are called? | antagonists
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| Among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement, it is: | the prime mover
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| occipitofrontales | rasies eyebrows
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| orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelid
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| orbiccularis oris | puckers the lips
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| buccinator | flattens the cheeks
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| the two "kissing muscles" | orbicularis oris, buccinator
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| zygomatius | smiling
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| levator labii superioris | sneering
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| depressor anguli oris | frowning
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| mastication | chewing
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| 4 pairs of chewing (mastication | Masseter, Temporalis, 2 pterygoids
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| extrinsic tongue muscles | moves the tongue
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| intrinsic tongue muscles | changes shape of tongue
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| stero cleido mastoid | roatates and abducts neck
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| found in each side of the back, responable for erect posture | erector spinae
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| contract during inspiration | external intercostals
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| contract during forced expirations | internal intercostals
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| dome shaped muscle, responible for quiet breating | diaphragm
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| abs | rectus abdominis
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| white line of conn. tissue that extends from the sternum to the pelvis | linea alba
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| cross the rextus abdominis in 3 places and form a segmemted look in abs | tendinous inscription
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| muscles that move the vertebral column | truck muscles
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| muscles that move the thorax | thoracic muscles
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| muscles of the anterior abdominal wall flex and rotate the verebral column, compress the abdominal cavity, and hold in the abdominal viscera | abdominal wall muscles
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| trapezius | rotates scapula
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| pulls scapula anteriorly | serratus anterior
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| the arm is attached to the thorax by the.. | pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles
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| adducts and flexes the arm | pectoralis major
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| medially rotaes, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. "swimmers muscles" | latissimus dorsi
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| attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle and is the major abductor of the upper limb. | deltoid
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| extends the forearm, occupies the psoterior compartments of the arm. | triceps brachii
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| flexes the forearm, occupies the anterior compartment of the arm. | biceps brachii
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| flexes forearm | brachilalis
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| flexes and supinates forearm | brachioradialis
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| strong band of fibrous conn. tissure that conves the flexor and extensor tendons and holds them in place around the wrist so that they do not "bowstring" during muscle contraction | retinaculum (bracelet)
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| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist
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| extensor carpi | entends the wrist
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| flexor digitorum | flexs the fingers
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| extensor digitorum | extends the fingers
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| gletues maximus | buttocks
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| gluteus medius | hip muscle and common injection site
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| extends the leg, anterior thigh muscles | quadriceps fermoris
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| "tailors musscle", flexes the thigh | sartorius
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| psoterior thigh muscles: flexes the leg and extends the thigh | hamstring
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| form the claf muscles. they join together to form the calcaneal tendon. | gastrocnemius and soleus
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| calcaneal tendon (achilles tendon) | flexes the foot and toes
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| lateral muscles of the leg | peroneus
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