Cardiovascular system Part 2
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| intracardiac catheter ablation | use of radiofrequency waves sent through catheter within the heart to treat arrythmias by selectively destroying myocardial tissue at sites generating abnormal electrical pathways
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| Magnetic Resonance Angiography(MRA) | magnetic resonance imaging of the heart and blood vessels for evaluation of patology
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| Nuclear medicine imaging of the heart | radionuclide imaging of the heart after radioactive isotopes administered
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| myocardial radionuclide perfusion scan | scan of the heart made after thallium given by injection absorbed by the myocardial cells
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| myocardial radionuclide perfusion stress scan | nuclear scan of heart taken afetr induction of physical exercise or administration of a pharmaceutical that produces same effects as exercising for patients not able to ambulate
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| positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the heart | use of nuclear isotopes and computed tomography to produce perfusion(bloodflow) images and study cellular metabolism of the heart
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| radiology | x-ray imaging
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| angiography | x-ray of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium.
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| angiogram | record obtained by angiography
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| coronary angiogram | x-ray of heart blood vessels
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| arteriogram | x-ray of a particular artery(egcoronary ateriogram or renal arteriogram
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| aortogram | x-ray of the aorta
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| venogram | x-ray of a vein
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| cardiac catherization | intro of a flexible narrow tube through a vein or artery into heart to withdraw samples of blood, measure pressures and inject contrastmedia Sometimes includes angioplasty procedures
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| left heart catherization | x-ray of left ventricular cavity and coronary arteries
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| right heart catheterization | measurement of oxygen saturation and pressure readings of the right side of the heart
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| ventriculogram | x-ray visualizing the ventricles
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| stroke volume SV | measurement of amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction
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| cardiac output CO | measurement of the amount of blood ejected from either ventricle of the heart per minute
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| ejection fraction | measurement of the volume % of left ventricular contents ejected with each contraction
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| sonography | sonographic Imaging
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| echocardiography | ECHO recording of sound waves through heart to evaluate structure and motion
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| stress echocardiogram | Stress ECHO-an echo of the heart recorderd during induction of physical exertion may use a phamaceutical to produce effect of exercise
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| transesophageal echocardiogram TEE | an echo image of the heart after placement of an ultrasonic transducer at the end of an endoscope inside the esophagus
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| Doppler Sonography | ultrasound technique used to evaluate blood flow to determine prescence of deep vein thrombosisDVT or carotid insuffienciency.
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| intravascular sonography | ultrasound images made afetr a sonographic transducer is placed at tip of catheter within a blodd vessel.Evaluates plaque build up
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| coronary artery bypass graft | CABG grafting of a portion of a blood vessel retrieved from another part of the body.Body is in full arrest while being performed
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| anastomosis | opening-joining of two blood vessels to allow flow from one to the other
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| endarterectomy | incision and coring of the lining of an artery to clear a blockage caused by a clot or artherosclerotic plaque buildup
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| transmyocardial revascularization TMR | laser technique used to open tiny channels in the heart muscle to restore blood flow thereby relieving angina with advanced coronary artery disease
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| valve replacement | suregery to replace a diseased heart valve with an artificial one two types, tissue-animal or mechanical-made from synthetic material
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| valvuloplasty | repair of a heart valve
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| endovascular surgery | interventional procedures performed endoscopically at the time of cardiac catheterization
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| angioscopy | use of flexible fiberoptic angioscope accompanied by irrigation system, camera, video recorder and monitor that guides through a blood vessel
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| atherectomy | excision of atheromatous plaque from within an artery utilizing a device housed in a flexible catheter
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| Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplastyPTCA | method used to treat narrowing of a coronary artery by ballooning clogged vessel and putting in a stent
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| intravascular stent | implantation of a device used to reinforce the wall of a vessel and insure it's patency
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| defibrillation | termination of ventricular fibrillation by delivery of an electrical stimulus to the heart
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| defibrillator | device that delivers the electrical stimulus in defibbrilation
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| cardioversion | termination of tachycardia either by pharmaceutical means or by delivery of electrical energy
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| implantable cardioverter defibrillator ICD | implanted , battery operated device with rate sensing leads that monitor cardiac impulses and initiates an electrical stimulus as needed to stop V-Fib or tachycardia
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| pacemaker | device used to treat slow heart rates brachycardia by electrically stimulating the heart to contract, most often implanted with lead wires and battery circuitry under skin but can be placed externally
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| thrombolytic therapy | dissolution of thrombi using drugs
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| angiostein-converting enzymeACE inhibitor | a drug that suppresses the conversion of angiotensin in the blood by the angiotensin-converting enzyme;used in the treatment of hypertension
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| antianginal | drug that dilates coronary arteries, restoring oxygen to the tissues to relieve pain of angina pectoris
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| antiarrhythmic | drug that counteracts cardiac arrythmias
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| anticoagulants | drug that prevents clotting of the blood commonly used in treating throbophlebitis and myocardial infarction
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| antihypertensive | drug that lowers blood pressure
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| beta-adrenergic blocking agents, beta blockers | agents that inhibit responses to sympathetic adrenergic nerve activity causing a slowing of electrical conduction and heart rate and a lowering of the preesure within the walls of teh vessels used to treat angina pectoris and hypertension
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| calcium channel blockers | agents that inhibit entry of calcium ions in the heart
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| cardiotonic | drug that increases the force of myocardial contractions in the heart, commonly used for CHF
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| diuretic | drug that increases the secretion of urine commonly precribed for treating hypertension
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| hypolipidemic | drug that reduces serum fat and cholesterol
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| thrombolytic agents | drugs used to dissolve thrombi
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| vasoconstrictor | drug that causes narrowing of the blood vessels
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| vasodilator | drug that causes dilation of the blood vessels, increasing blood flow
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