Atma Yoga anatomy terms
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| Lateral Flexion | Sidebending (neck/torso) Dropping ear toward shoulder
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| Extension | Movements are directed in the sagittal plane. Joint is generally being straightened or increasing the angel of it. E.G. Back bend, kicking leg back (hip extension)
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| Flexion | Movements is to bend or decrease the angle of the bones of the joint. Movements are in the sagittal plane. e.g. Forward fold (flexion of spine), Bending elbow
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| Adduction | A joint moves a bone toward the midline of body. Fingers or toes, move toward the midline of the hand or foot. Movements are directed in coronal plane. e.g. Arms move back towards the body as in the second half of a jumping jack
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| Abduction | A joint moves a bone away from the midline of the body (or hand /foot). Movements are directed in the coronal plane. e.g.Lifting arms up from sides into T position
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| Circumduction | A circular movement, permitted at ball and socket, condylar, and saddle joints, characterized by flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction done in sequence. e.g. Arm circles
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| Horizontal Abduction | Movement in horizontal movement plane away from the body e.g. Bring arms to shoulder height and pull arm back (opening through chest)
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| Horizontal Adduction | Movement in horizontal plane anteriorly e.g. Bring arms to shoulder height and move arm in front of the body (straight armed clap)
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| Protraction | Draw scapula anteriorly; e.gRound shoulders forward "spreading" back
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| Retraction | Draw scapula posteriorly; e.g. Squeezing shoulder blades together
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| Nutation | Movement is at the sacroiliac (SI) joint, between the sacrum and pelvic or innominate bone, not movement of the full pelvis (which would be an anterior or posterior tilt of the pelvis caused by the joint action at the hip joints or lumbar spine)
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| Complex Movements | Involving many joints in various ways, including coupling of joints and open-and-closed-chain movements
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| Open Chain Movements | Movements in which the distal end moves freely (teach balance and awareness of the body space) e.g. Deltoid abducting the upper arm in Virabhardrasana ii, Warrior ii
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| Closed Chain Movements | Movements in which the distal end (the insertion) of the moving limb or body segment are fixed. e.g. strengthening the core muscles as in the iliopsoas lowering the pelvis in Virabhardrana ii, warrior 2
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| Sagittal Plane | The longitudinal plane dividing the head and torso into left and right parts (not halves). Parallel to the median(not medial) plane - e.g. abduction and adduction movements
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| Coronal / Frontal Plane | The longitude plane dividing the body (head, torso, limbs) or its parts into front and back halves or parts.
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| Transverse plane | Divides the body into upper and lower halves or parts (cross sections). It is perpendicular to the longitudinal planes. Transverse planes are called "axial" or "transaxial" sections e.g. Flexion and Extension
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| Isotonic | movements that cause muscles to change length while contracting, causing movement of a body part. The two categories of isotonic contraction are concentric and eccentric movements.
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| Concentric Contraction | Muscles contract and overcome the force against them
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| Eccentric Contraction | Muscles contracts less than the force applied against it
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| Isometric Contraction | Muscle contracts equally to the force acting against it
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| " The 5 segments of the Vertebral Column " | Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
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| The 4 movements of the Neck | Cervical Extension
Cervical Flexion
Cervical Rotation
Cervical Side bends
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| The 5 movements of the Spine |
Lumber Extension
Lumber Flexion
Lumber Rotation
Lumber Side bend
Thoracic Rotation
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| The 10 movements of the Shoulder | Adduction
Abduction
Flexion
Extension
Internal & External Rotation
Scapular Retraction
Scapular Protraction
Scapular Elevation
Scapular Depression
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| The 2 movements of the Elbow/ Knee | Extension & Flexion
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| The 6 movements of the Hip | Extension
Flexion
Internal & External Rotation
Abduct
Adduct
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| The 4 movements of the feet and ankle | Plantar Flexion
Dorsiflexion
Supination
Pronation
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