The Skeletal System
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| Name the five functions of the skeleton? | 1. Supports and stabilizes surrounding tissue
2. Protects vital organs of the body
3. Assists in body movement(locomotion)
4. The red bone marrow manufactures blood cells
5. Acts as a storage area for fat and mineral salts (Phosphorus and Calcium)
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| The skeleton supports/stabilizes what surrounding tissues? | 1. Muscles
2. Blood vessels
3. Nerves
4. Adipose tissue
5. Skin
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| What 4 vital organs of the body does the skeleton protect? | 1. Brain
2. Spinal cord
3. Heart
4. Lungs
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| How does the skeleton assist in body movement? | Provides attachments for muscles that pull on the bones that act as levers
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| What is the name for the production of blood cells? | Hematopoiesis or Hemopoiesis
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| Where does Hematopoiesis take place? | Red bone marrow
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| What type of bone is located at the ends of the long bones and the center of all others? | Cancellous(spongy)bone
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| What are the spaces within cancellous bone filled with? | Red bone marrow
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| What are the 5 locations where red bone marrow is found in larger quantites? | 1. Cranium
2. Ribs
3. Vertebrae
4. Sternum
5. Pelvic bones
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| A common site for red bone marrow extraction is? | Iliac crest
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| What is found in the medullary cavity of the shafts of the long bones? | Yellow bone marrow
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| Yellow bone marrow is primarily made up of? | Fat cells(adipose tissue)
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| What is the name for the shaft of each long bone? | Diaphysis
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| The Epiphyses are? | The two extremities of the long bones
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| The epiphyses are the sections of the long bones that do what? | Grow vertically(Growth plates)
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| The fibrovascular membrane that covers a bone is called the? | Periosteum
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| Where is cartilage found? | Between articulating bones
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| What is the function of cartilage? | Acts as a shock absorber and reduces friction between articulating bones
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| What is another name for cartilage? | Meniscus
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| What is the tissue that binds articulating bones together and allows a certain range of motion(ROM)? | Ligaments
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| What is the function of the tendon? | Connect muscle to a bone
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| What is the formation of bone called? | Ossification
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| Osteocytes are known as? | Bone cells
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| How are Osteocytes classified? | 1. Osteoblasts which will build bone
2. Osteoclasts which will remove(reabsorb)bone
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| What is required for osteoblasts to function? | Weight bearing(through movement)
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| What is required for osteoclasts to function? | Nothing
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| What is the name for the bones whose lenght exceeds their width? | Long bones
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| Name the 10 examples of long bones? | 1. 2 clavicles
2. 2 humeri
3. 2 radii
4. 2 ulnae
5. 2 femers
6. 2 tibiae
7. 2 fibulae
8. 10 metacarpals
9. 10 metatarsals
10. 20 phalanges
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| The two clavicles are also known as? | Collar bones
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| The two humeri are called? | Superior arm bones
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| Another name for the two radii is? | Lateral inferior arm bones
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| The medial inferior arm bones are known as? | Ulnae
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| The proximal portion of each ulna is called? | Olecranon(elbow)
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| Another term for the 2 femurs is? | Thigh bones or superior legs
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| The anterior inferior larger leg bones are called? | Tibiae or shins
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| The two fibulae are AKA? | Posterior inferior leg bones or "little fibs"
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| Where are the 10 metacarpals located? | Hands
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| The 10 metatarsals are found? | Feet
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| What are three terms used to identify the 20 phalanges? | 1. Fingers
2. Toes
3. Digits
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| What is a phalanx? | One finger or toe (digit)
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| What are bones without a diaphysis(shaft)called? | Short bones
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| Examples of short bones are? | 1. 16 carpals(wrist bones)
2. 14 tarsals(ankle bones)
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| How are the carpal bones arranged? | Two rows of four each
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| What are the names of the diffent carpal bones? | 1.Pisiform
2. Triquetrum(triquetral)
3. Lunate
4. Scaphoid
5. Hamate
6. Capitate
7. Trapezoid
8. Trapezium
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| In what locations of the foot are the tarsals arranged? | Hindfoot and Forefoot
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| Identify the names of the tarsal bones? | 1. Calcaneus(calcaneum)-AKA:heel
2. Talus
3. Navicular
4. Cuboid
5. Medial(first)cuneiform
6. Intermediat(second)cuneiform
7. Lateral(third)cuneiform
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| Thin bones found whenever there is a need for extensive muscle attachment or protection for soft or vita parts are called? | Flat bones
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| Examples of flat bones include? | 1. Cranium(skull)
2. Sternum
3. 12 pairs of ribs
4. 2 scapulae
5. Pelvic bones
6. 2 Patellae
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| The bones of the cranium include? | 1. 2 parietal bones
2. 1 frontal bone
3. 2 temporal bones
4. 1 occipital bone
5. 2 zygomatic bones
6. 1 maxilla
7. 1 mandible
8. 1 nasal bone
9. 2 orbits
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| The parietal bones are also referred to as? | The Cranial roof
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| The frontal bone is called? | Forehead
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| The temples are another name for what bones of the cranium? | The Temporal bones
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| Where is the occipital bone located? | Posterior base of the cranium
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| The zygomatic bones are also known as? | Cheek bones
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| Another term fore maxilla is? | Superior jaw
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| The inferior jaw is named? | Mandible
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| The nasal bone is AKA? | Bridge of the nose
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| What are the orbits? | The depressions where the eyes are found in the cranium
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| The sternum is also called? | The Breast bone
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| The superior section of the sternum is known as? | Manubrium(handle)
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| The Gladiolus(blade)is what section of the sternum? | Medial section
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| The inferior section of the sternum is referred to as? | Xiphoid process(tip)
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| Ribs 1-7 are called? | True ribs(vertebrosternal)
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| Ribs 8-12 are known as? | False ribs(vertebrochondral)
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| The last two false ribs are called? | Floating ribs(vertebral)
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| The 2 scapulae are AKA? | Shoulder bones(blades)
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| What is the acromion process? | The lateral end of each scapula
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| The muscles that move each arm are attached to a scapula at the? | Coracoid process
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| The head of each humerus articulates with a? | Glenoid fossa
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| Identify the 3 bones of the pelvis? | 1. Ilia(Ilium)
2. Ischia(Ischium)
3. Pubes(Pubis)
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| The kneecaps are another term for? | Patellae
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| A typical vertebra consists of? | 1. Vertebral body
2. Vertebral(neural)foramen
3. Spinous process
4. Transverse processes
5. Lamina
6. Pedicles
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| What is the vertebral body? | A thick disk-shaped anterior portion pierced with numerous small holes for nerves and blood vessels that nourish the bone
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| The passageway for the spinal cord is called the? | Vertebral(neural)foramen
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| The Spinous process is? | The posterior projection of the vertebra
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| The Transverse processes are? | The two lateral projections of the vertebra
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| The Lamina is? | The posterior wall of each vertebral arch
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| The sections that connect each vertebral body to a vertebral arch and are notched to allow passageway for spinal nerves are called? | Pedicles
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| The surface of any typical bone will exhibit certain projections and depressions known as? | Processes(projections)
Fossae(depressions)
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| Any sharp slender projection is referred to as a? | Spine
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| A large prominence usually serving for the attachment of muscles or ligaments is known as? | Tuberosity
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| What is a condyle? | A rounded or knuckle-like prominence
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| A small rounded process is referred to as? | Tubercle
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| What is a trochlea? | A process shaped like a pulley
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| A trochanter is? | A very large projection
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| What is a crest? | A narrow ridge
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| What is another name for a less prominent ridge? | Line
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| The head of a bone is? | A terminal enlargement
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| The part of the bone that connects to the head is called? | Neck
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| A narrow junction between two bones is known as? | Suture
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| What is a foramen? | An opening through which blood vessels,nerves,and ligaments pass
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| A long tube-like passage is referred to as? | A canal
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| A cavity within a bone is called? | Sinus or Antrum
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| What is a sulcus? | A furrow or groove
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| How many bones does the human body have? | 206
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