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Ch.6 Skeletal Syst.
The Skeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the five functions of the skeleton? | 1. Supports and stabilizes surrounding tissue 2. Protects vital organs of the body 3. Assists in body movement(locomotion) 4. The red bone marrow manufactures blood cells 5. Acts as a storage area for fat and mineral salts (Phosphorus and Calcium) |
| The skeleton supports/stabilizes what surrounding tissues? | 1. Muscles 2. Blood vessels 3. Nerves 4. Adipose tissue 5. Skin |
| What 4 vital organs of the body does the skeleton protect? | 1. Brain 2. Spinal cord 3. Heart 4. Lungs |
| How does the skeleton assist in body movement? | Provides attachments for muscles that pull on the bones that act as levers |
| What is the name for the production of blood cells? | Hematopoiesis or Hemopoiesis |
| Where does Hematopoiesis take place? | Red bone marrow |
| What type of bone is located at the ends of the long bones and the center of all others? | Cancellous(spongy)bone |
| What are the spaces within cancellous bone filled with? | Red bone marrow |
| What are the 5 locations where red bone marrow is found in larger quantites? | 1. Cranium 2. Ribs 3. Vertebrae 4. Sternum 5. Pelvic bones |
| A common site for red bone marrow extraction is? | Iliac crest |
| What is found in the medullary cavity of the shafts of the long bones? | Yellow bone marrow |
| Yellow bone marrow is primarily made up of? | Fat cells(adipose tissue) |
| What is the name for the shaft of each long bone? | Diaphysis |
| The Epiphyses are? | The two extremities of the long bones |
| The epiphyses are the sections of the long bones that do what? | Grow vertically(Growth plates) |
| The fibrovascular membrane that covers a bone is called the? | Periosteum |
| Where is cartilage found? | Between articulating bones |
| What is the function of cartilage? | Acts as a shock absorber and reduces friction between articulating bones |
| What is another name for cartilage? | Meniscus |
| What is the tissue that binds articulating bones together and allows a certain range of motion(ROM)? | Ligaments |
| What is the function of the tendon? | Connect muscle to a bone |
| What is the formation of bone called? | Ossification |
| Osteocytes are known as? | Bone cells |
| How are Osteocytes classified? | 1. Osteoblasts which will build bone 2. Osteoclasts which will remove(reabsorb)bone |
| What is required for osteoblasts to function? | Weight bearing(through movement) |
| What is required for osteoclasts to function? | Nothing |
| What is the name for the bones whose lenght exceeds their width? | Long bones |
| Name the 10 examples of long bones? | 1. 2 clavicles 2. 2 humeri 3. 2 radii 4. 2 ulnae 5. 2 femers 6. 2 tibiae 7. 2 fibulae 8. 10 metacarpals 9. 10 metatarsals 10. 20 phalanges |
| The two clavicles are also known as? | Collar bones |
| The two humeri are called? | Superior arm bones |
| Another name for the two radii is? | Lateral inferior arm bones |
| The medial inferior arm bones are known as? | Ulnae |
| The proximal portion of each ulna is called? | Olecranon(elbow) |
| Another term for the 2 femurs is? | Thigh bones or superior legs |
| The anterior inferior larger leg bones are called? | Tibiae or shins |
| The two fibulae are AKA? | Posterior inferior leg bones or "little fibs" |
| Where are the 10 metacarpals located? | Hands |
| The 10 metatarsals are found? | Feet |
| What are three terms used to identify the 20 phalanges? | 1. Fingers 2. Toes 3. Digits |
| What is a phalanx? | One finger or toe (digit) |
| What are bones without a diaphysis(shaft)called? | Short bones |
| Examples of short bones are? | 1. 16 carpals(wrist bones) 2. 14 tarsals(ankle bones) |
| How are the carpal bones arranged? | Two rows of four each |
| What are the names of the diffent carpal bones? | 1.Pisiform 2. Triquetrum(triquetral) 3. Lunate 4. Scaphoid 5. Hamate 6. Capitate 7. Trapezoid 8. Trapezium |
| In what locations of the foot are the tarsals arranged? | Hindfoot and Forefoot |
| Identify the names of the tarsal bones? | 1. Calcaneus(calcaneum)-AKA:heel 2. Talus 3. Navicular 4. Cuboid 5. Medial(first)cuneiform 6. Intermediat(second)cuneiform 7. Lateral(third)cuneiform |
| Thin bones found whenever there is a need for extensive muscle attachment or protection for soft or vita parts are called? | Flat bones |
| Examples of flat bones include? | 1. Cranium(skull) 2. Sternum 3. 12 pairs of ribs 4. 2 scapulae 5. Pelvic bones 6. 2 Patellae |
| The bones of the cranium include? | 1. 2 parietal bones 2. 1 frontal bone 3. 2 temporal bones 4. 1 occipital bone 5. 2 zygomatic bones 6. 1 maxilla 7. 1 mandible 8. 1 nasal bone 9. 2 orbits |
| The parietal bones are also referred to as? | The Cranial roof |
| The frontal bone is called? | Forehead |
| The temples are another name for what bones of the cranium? | The Temporal bones |
| Where is the occipital bone located? | Posterior base of the cranium |
| The zygomatic bones are also known as? | Cheek bones |
| Another term fore maxilla is? | Superior jaw |
| The inferior jaw is named? | Mandible |
| The nasal bone is AKA? | Bridge of the nose |
| What are the orbits? | The depressions where the eyes are found in the cranium |
| The sternum is also called? | The Breast bone |
| The superior section of the sternum is known as? | Manubrium(handle) |
| The Gladiolus(blade)is what section of the sternum? | Medial section |
| The inferior section of the sternum is referred to as? | Xiphoid process(tip) |
| Ribs 1-7 are called? | True ribs(vertebrosternal) |
| Ribs 8-12 are known as? | False ribs(vertebrochondral) |
| The last two false ribs are called? | Floating ribs(vertebral) |
| The 2 scapulae are AKA? | Shoulder bones(blades) |
| What is the acromion process? | The lateral end of each scapula |
| The muscles that move each arm are attached to a scapula at the? | Coracoid process |
| The head of each humerus articulates with a? | Glenoid fossa |
| Identify the 3 bones of the pelvis? | 1. Ilia(Ilium) 2. Ischia(Ischium) 3. Pubes(Pubis) |
| The kneecaps are another term for? | Patellae |
| A typical vertebra consists of? | 1. Vertebral body 2. Vertebral(neural)foramen 3. Spinous process 4. Transverse processes 5. Lamina 6. Pedicles |
| What is the vertebral body? | A thick disk-shaped anterior portion pierced with numerous small holes for nerves and blood vessels that nourish the bone |
| The passageway for the spinal cord is called the? | Vertebral(neural)foramen |
| The Spinous process is? | The posterior projection of the vertebra |
| The Transverse processes are? | The two lateral projections of the vertebra |
| The Lamina is? | The posterior wall of each vertebral arch |
| The sections that connect each vertebral body to a vertebral arch and are notched to allow passageway for spinal nerves are called? | Pedicles |
| The surface of any typical bone will exhibit certain projections and depressions known as? | Processes(projections) Fossae(depressions) |
| Any sharp slender projection is referred to as a? | Spine |
| A large prominence usually serving for the attachment of muscles or ligaments is known as? | Tuberosity |
| What is a condyle? | A rounded or knuckle-like prominence |
| A small rounded process is referred to as? | Tubercle |
| What is a trochlea? | A process shaped like a pulley |
| A trochanter is? | A very large projection |
| What is a crest? | A narrow ridge |
| What is another name for a less prominent ridge? | Line |
| The head of a bone is? | A terminal enlargement |
| The part of the bone that connects to the head is called? | Neck |
| A narrow junction between two bones is known as? | Suture |
| What is a foramen? | An opening through which blood vessels,nerves,and ligaments pass |
| A long tube-like passage is referred to as? | A canal |
| A cavity within a bone is called? | Sinus or Antrum |
| What is a sulcus? | A furrow or groove |
| How many bones does the human body have? | 206 |
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