Chapter 8 Q & A
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| What are joints? | show 🗑
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| What functions do joints serve? | show 🗑
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| show | Fibrous (synarthroses), cartilaginous (amphiarthroses), and synovial (diarthroses)
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| show | They result when collagen fibers from one bone penetrates the adjacent bone, anchoring the bones in place
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| What are cartilaginous joints? | show 🗑
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| show | The most numerous and veersatile of all the body's joints; freely movable; 6 types of synovial joints
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| show | Ball-and-socket joint such as the hip and shoulder
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| show | Pivot, hinge, gliding, ball-and-socket, saddle, and condyloid.
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| What is a pivot joint? | show 🗑
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| show | The dens of the axis articulating with the atlas and radioulnar joint
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| What is a hinge joint? | show 🗑
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| Where is a hinge joint located? | show 🗑
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| What is a gliding joint? | show 🗑
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| Where is a gliding joint located? | show 🗑
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| show | A ball-shaped head of one bone fits into a cup-like socket of another offering the widest range of motion
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| show | Shoulder and hip
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| show | Concave in one direction and convex in the other, allows back-and-forth and side-to-side movement, although the side-to-side motion is limited
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| What is a condyloid joint? | show 🗑
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| show | Found only in the thumbs
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| show | Distal end of the radius articulating with the carpals and the joints at the base of the fingers
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| show | Flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, circumduction, rotation, supination and pronation, inversion and eversion, protraction and retraction
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| What is flexion? | show 🗑
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| What is extension? | show 🗑
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| show | Moving the toes UPWARD
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| What is plantar flexion? | show 🗑
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| show | When a bone spins TOWARD the body's midline
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| What is external rotation? | show 🗑
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| What is supination? | show 🗑
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| What is pronation? | show 🗑
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| What is hyperextension? | show 🗑
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| What is the difference between abduction and adduction? | show 🗑
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| show | The distal end of an appendage moves in a circle
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| show | Inversion is a foot movement that turns the sole medially, TOWARD the other foot. Eversion is a foot movement that turns the sole laterally, AWAY FROM the other foot
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| show | Protraction moves a part FORWARD. Retraction moves a part BACKWARD
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| show | The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint supported by 5 principal ligaments and 4 bursae.
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| What are the major anatomical features of the elbow? | show 🗑
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| What are the major anatomical features of the hip? | show 🗑
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| show | The knee is the largest and most complex joint in the body. It contains 13 bursae2 collateral ligaments, PCL, ACL, and 2 meniscus
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| How do most shoulder dislocations occur? | show 🗑
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| How do most knee injuries occur? | show 🗑
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| What is significant about joint replacement? | show 🗑
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| show | "Wear-and-tear" arthritis; common effect of aging; affects 85% of people over 70; affects the hips, intervertebral joints, and fingers
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| What is rheumatoid arthritis? | show 🗑
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