Integumentary System
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| What makes up the Integumentary system? | 1. Skin
2. Hair
3. Nails
4. Sebaceous Glands(sebum-oil)
5. Cerumenous Glands(cerumen-earwax)
6. Sudoriferous Glands(sweat)
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| Name the characteristics of skin? | 1. Flexible
2. Waterproof
3. Protects body from UV light
4. Protects body from chemicals and microbes
5. Regulates body temperature
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| What is the name for the outermost layer of skin? | Epidermis
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| What is the epidermis composed of? | Epithelial cells
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| How do epithelial cells reproduce? | Mitosis
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| The process where newer epithelial cells push upward then slowly necrose(die) is called? | Keratinization
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| Keratinized cells are constantly being? | Sloughed(shed)
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| Skin sloughing helps to rid the body of what? | Pathogens(disease producers)
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| What is the Dermis? | Second layer of skin
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| The dermis is AKA? | Corium
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| The connective tissue(collagen +elastin) are produced the in what layer of skin? | Dermis(corium)
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| What is the function of collagen? | To bind the skin cells together
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| What structures are embedded in the dermis(corium)? | 1. Blood vessels
2. Nerves
3. Lymph vessels
4. Hair follicles
5. Sebaceous glands
6. Sudoriferous glands
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| What is the name for the ossa that release sweat? | Sudoriferous pores
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| The 3rd layer of skin is called? | Hypodermis or Subcutaneous layer(subQ or subcu)
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| The subcutaneous tissue consists mainly of what? | Adipose Tissue
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| What layer of tissue attaches the dermis to the underlying muscles? | Hypodermis(subcutaneous tissue)
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| What is the name for the fibrous connective tisue of the body? | Fascia
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| When skin is subjected to an excessive amount of abrasion or friction, a thickened area develops called a? | Callus
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| What genetically determines your skin pigmentation? | Amount of melanin produced
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| What is the name for a genetic mutation causing an absence of melanin production? | Albinism
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| A bluish discoloration of the skin caused by hypoxia or hypothermia is called? | Cyanosis
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| Hyperbilirubinemia is caused by? | Excessive hemolysis of erythrocytes
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| What are the three terms used to describe the yellowish orangish discoloration to the skin/sclerae caused by hyperbilirubinemia? | 1. Xanthoderma
2. Jaundice
3. Icterus
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| Jaundice in a neonate is known as? | Kernicterus
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| Hair is a characteristic of all what? | Mammals
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| On humans, hair can be found on the entire body EXCEPT for what 3 areas? | 1. Palms
2. Soles
3. Glans penis
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| The average human produces how much hair each year? | 7 miles of hair
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| Each hair is composed of what 3 structures? | 1. Shaft
2. Root
3. Follicle
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| What is the hair shaft? | The visible portion of the hair
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| Where is the hair root found? | Epidermal tube
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| What process occurs in the hair follicle? | Mitosis
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| What structure is attached to each hair follicle which causes the hair shaft to "stand on its end"? | Arrector pili muscle
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| What 3 characteristics of hair does genetics control? | 1. Hair color
2. Hair texture
3. Hair loss(alopecia)
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| The visible part of the nail is called? | Nail body
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| The part of the nail that grows is known as? | Nail bed
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| The base of the nail is covered by tissue called? | Cuticle AKA: eponychium
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| The term for an abnormal condition of an ingrown(hidden)nail is? | Onychocryptosis
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| What is an abnormal condition of a nail caused by fungus? | Onychomycosis
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| A condition of inflammation adjacent to a nail is known as? | Paronychia
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| Cicatrix is another term for? | Scars
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| What is a Keloid? | An exaggerated or hypertrophied scar
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| Keloids are associated with what? | Surgery and 3rd degree burns
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| What is an ulcer? | An erosion(wearing away)of the skin or mucous membrane
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| What are the 2 other terms for a Decubitus ulcer? | 1. Bedsore
2. Pressure ulcer
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| Name the 6 bony prominences that decubitus ulcers commonly occur on? | 1. Coccyx
2. Calcanei(heel)
3. Olecranons(elbow)
4. Scapulae(shoulder)
5. Occipital bone
6. Pelvis(Ilia and ischia)
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| What is the name for black and blue marks caused by bleeding under the skin? | Ecchymosis
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| What are 3 other terms used to describe ecchymosis? | 1. Hematoma
2. Contusion
3. Bruise
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| What is Edema? | Tissue swelling caused by an accumulation of fluid
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| What is the term for fluid accumulation where indentations occur after light palpation? | Pitting edema
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| What is the name for necrotic tissue caused by a burn? | Escharotic
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| What is a flat usually erythematous skin lesion? | Macule
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| A raised skin lesion less than 1 cm is called? | Papule
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| A raised skin lesion greater than 1 cm is called? | Nodule
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| A mole or a birthmark is called? | Nevus
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| Pinpoint skin hemorrhages on the skin are known as? | Petechia(e)
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| A combination of ecchymosis and petechiae is called? | Purpura
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| A Pustule is? | A papule filled with pus
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| A collection of pus is called? | Abscess
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| What is another name for a wart? | Verruca
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| 3 terms used to describe a raised lesion filled with clear liquid is? | 1. Blister
2. Bulla(>1cm)
3. Bleb(<1cm)
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| Mechanical superficial damage to the skin is known as? | 1. Abrasion or
2. Scrape
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| Chemical superficial damage to the skin is called? | Excoriation
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| What is celluliis? | Inflammation of the skin cells
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| Urticaria is an indication of? | Allergic reaction
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| Urticaria is AKA? | 1. Hives
2. Wheals
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| What is a cyst? | A thickening or lump
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| An infection of a hair follicle and adjacent tissue is called? | Furuncle(or boil)
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| What is a cluster of furuncles? | Carbuncle
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| What is the term for putrefaction caused by tissue necrosis and microbial proliferation? | Gangrene(or decomposition)
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| Tissue that is cut torn or ripped is known as? | Laceration
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| An avulsion is? | Tearing any part of the body away from the whole
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| A term for Dry skin is? | Xeroderma
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| Ichthyosis is? | Dry scaly skin
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| Another term for scab is? | Crustation
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| Localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches is called? | Vitiligo
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