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CH 18 Integumentary
Integumentary System
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What makes up the Integumentary system? | 1. Skin 2. Hair 3. Nails 4. Sebaceous Glands(sebum-oil) 5. Cerumenous Glands(cerumen-earwax) 6. Sudoriferous Glands(sweat) |
Name the characteristics of skin? | 1. Flexible 2. Waterproof 3. Protects body from UV light 4. Protects body from chemicals and microbes 5. Regulates body temperature |
What is the name for the outermost layer of skin? | Epidermis |
What is the epidermis composed of? | Epithelial cells |
How do epithelial cells reproduce? | Mitosis |
The process where newer epithelial cells push upward then slowly necrose(die) is called? | Keratinization |
Keratinized cells are constantly being? | Sloughed(shed) |
Skin sloughing helps to rid the body of what? | Pathogens(disease producers) |
What is the Dermis? | Second layer of skin |
The dermis is AKA? | Corium |
The connective tissue(collagen +elastin) are produced the in what layer of skin? | Dermis(corium) |
What is the function of collagen? | To bind the skin cells together |
What structures are embedded in the dermis(corium)? | 1. Blood vessels 2. Nerves 3. Lymph vessels 4. Hair follicles 5. Sebaceous glands 6. Sudoriferous glands |
What is the name for the ossa that release sweat? | Sudoriferous pores |
The 3rd layer of skin is called? | Hypodermis or Subcutaneous layer(subQ or subcu) |
The subcutaneous tissue consists mainly of what? | Adipose Tissue |
What layer of tissue attaches the dermis to the underlying muscles? | Hypodermis(subcutaneous tissue) |
What is the name for the fibrous connective tisue of the body? | Fascia |
When skin is subjected to an excessive amount of abrasion or friction, a thickened area develops called a? | Callus |
What genetically determines your skin pigmentation? | Amount of melanin produced |
What is the name for a genetic mutation causing an absence of melanin production? | Albinism |
A bluish discoloration of the skin caused by hypoxia or hypothermia is called? | Cyanosis |
Hyperbilirubinemia is caused by? | Excessive hemolysis of erythrocytes |
What are the three terms used to describe the yellowish orangish discoloration to the skin/sclerae caused by hyperbilirubinemia? | 1. Xanthoderma 2. Jaundice 3. Icterus |
Jaundice in a neonate is known as? | Kernicterus |
Hair is a characteristic of all what? | Mammals |
On humans, hair can be found on the entire body EXCEPT for what 3 areas? | 1. Palms 2. Soles 3. Glans penis |
The average human produces how much hair each year? | 7 miles of hair |
Each hair is composed of what 3 structures? | 1. Shaft 2. Root 3. Follicle |
What is the hair shaft? | The visible portion of the hair |
Where is the hair root found? | Epidermal tube |
What process occurs in the hair follicle? | Mitosis |
What structure is attached to each hair follicle which causes the hair shaft to "stand on its end"? | Arrector pili muscle |
What 3 characteristics of hair does genetics control? | 1. Hair color 2. Hair texture 3. Hair loss(alopecia) |
The visible part of the nail is called? | Nail body |
The part of the nail that grows is known as? | Nail bed |
The base of the nail is covered by tissue called? | Cuticle AKA: eponychium |
The term for an abnormal condition of an ingrown(hidden)nail is? | Onychocryptosis |
What is an abnormal condition of a nail caused by fungus? | Onychomycosis |
A condition of inflammation adjacent to a nail is known as? | Paronychia |
Cicatrix is another term for? | Scars |
What is a Keloid? | An exaggerated or hypertrophied scar |
Keloids are associated with what? | Surgery and 3rd degree burns |
What is an ulcer? | An erosion(wearing away)of the skin or mucous membrane |
What are the 2 other terms for a Decubitus ulcer? | 1. Bedsore 2. Pressure ulcer |
Name the 6 bony prominences that decubitus ulcers commonly occur on? | 1. Coccyx 2. Calcanei(heel) 3. Olecranons(elbow) 4. Scapulae(shoulder) 5. Occipital bone 6. Pelvis(Ilia and ischia) |
What is the name for black and blue marks caused by bleeding under the skin? | Ecchymosis |
What are 3 other terms used to describe ecchymosis? | 1. Hematoma 2. Contusion 3. Bruise |
What is Edema? | Tissue swelling caused by an accumulation of fluid |
What is the term for fluid accumulation where indentations occur after light palpation? | Pitting edema |
What is the name for necrotic tissue caused by a burn? | Escharotic |
What is a flat usually erythematous skin lesion? | Macule |
A raised skin lesion less than 1 cm is called? | Papule |
A raised skin lesion greater than 1 cm is called? | Nodule |
A mole or a birthmark is called? | Nevus |
Pinpoint skin hemorrhages on the skin are known as? | Petechia(e) |
A combination of ecchymosis and petechiae is called? | Purpura |
A Pustule is? | A papule filled with pus |
A collection of pus is called? | Abscess |
What is another name for a wart? | Verruca |
3 terms used to describe a raised lesion filled with clear liquid is? | 1. Blister 2. Bulla(>1cm) 3. Bleb(<1cm) |
Mechanical superficial damage to the skin is known as? | 1. Abrasion or 2. Scrape |
Chemical superficial damage to the skin is called? | Excoriation |
What is celluliis? | Inflammation of the skin cells |
Urticaria is an indication of? | Allergic reaction |
Urticaria is AKA? | 1. Hives 2. Wheals |
What is a cyst? | A thickening or lump |
An infection of a hair follicle and adjacent tissue is called? | Furuncle(or boil) |
What is a cluster of furuncles? | Carbuncle |
What is the term for putrefaction caused by tissue necrosis and microbial proliferation? | Gangrene(or decomposition) |
Tissue that is cut torn or ripped is known as? | Laceration |
An avulsion is? | Tearing any part of the body away from the whole |
A term for Dry skin is? | Xeroderma |
Ichthyosis is? | Dry scaly skin |
Another term for scab is? | Crustation |
Localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches is called? | Vitiligo |