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The Digestive System (Pathology)

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Term
Definition
Anorexia   Lack of appetite.  
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Ascites   Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.  
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Borborygmus (plural: borborygmi)   Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract.  
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Constipation   Difficulty in passing stools (feces).  
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Diarrhea   Frequent passage of loose, watery stools.  
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Dysphagia   Difficulty in swallowing.  
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Eructation   Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth.  
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Flatus   Gas expelled through the anus.  
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Hematochezia   Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum.  
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Jaundice (icterus)   Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia).  
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Melena   Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood.  
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Nausea   Unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit.  
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Steatorrhea   Fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter.  
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Aphthous stomatitis   Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers.  
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Dental caries   Tooth decay.  
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Herpetic stomatitis   Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus.  
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Oral leukoplakia   White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth.  
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Peridontal disease   Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone.  
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Achalasia   Failure of the lower esophagus spincter (LES) muscle to relax.  
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Esophageal cancer   Malignant tumor of the esophagus.  
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Esophageal varices   Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus.  
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Gastric cancer   Malignant tumor of the stomach.  
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)   Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach.  
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Hernia   Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it.  
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Peptic ulcer   Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum.  
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Anal fistula   Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus.  
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Colonic polyps   Polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membranes of the colon.  
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Colorectal cancer   Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both.  
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Crohn disease (Crohn's)   Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract (terminal ileum and colon).  
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Diverticulosis   Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall.  
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Dysentery   Painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection.  
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Hemorrhoids   Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region.  
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Ileus   Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines.  
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Intussusception   Telescoping of the intestines.  
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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)   Group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension.  
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Ulcerative colitis   Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers.  
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Volvulus   Twisting of the intestine on itself.  
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Cholelithiasis   Gallstones in the gallbladder.  
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Cirrhosis   Chronic degenerative disease of the liver.  
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Pancreatic cancer   Malignant tumor of the pancreas.  
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Pancreatitis   Inflammation of the pancreas.  
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Viral hepatitis   Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus.  
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