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Chabner Chapter 5
The Digestive System (Pathology)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anorexia | Lack of appetite. |
| Ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. |
| Borborygmus (plural: borborygmi) | Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract. |
| Constipation | Difficulty in passing stools (feces). |
| Diarrhea | Frequent passage of loose, watery stools. |
| Dysphagia | Difficulty in swallowing. |
| Eructation | Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth. |
| Flatus | Gas expelled through the anus. |
| Hematochezia | Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum. |
| Jaundice (icterus) | Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia). |
| Melena | Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood. |
| Nausea | Unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit. |
| Steatorrhea | Fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter. |
| Aphthous stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers. |
| Dental caries | Tooth decay. |
| Herpetic stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus. |
| Oral leukoplakia | White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth. |
| Peridontal disease | Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone. |
| Achalasia | Failure of the lower esophagus spincter (LES) muscle to relax. |
| Esophageal cancer | Malignant tumor of the esophagus. |
| Esophageal varices | Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus. |
| Gastric cancer | Malignant tumor of the stomach. |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach. |
| Hernia | Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it. |
| Peptic ulcer | Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum. |
| Anal fistula | Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus. |
| Colonic polyps | Polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membranes of the colon. |
| Colorectal cancer | Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both. |
| Crohn disease (Crohn's) | Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract (terminal ileum and colon). |
| Diverticulosis | Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall. |
| Dysentery | Painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection. |
| Hemorrhoids | Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region. |
| Ileus | Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines. |
| Intussusception | Telescoping of the intestines. |
| Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | Group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension. |
| Ulcerative colitis | Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers. |
| Volvulus | Twisting of the intestine on itself. |
| Cholelithiasis | Gallstones in the gallbladder. |
| Cirrhosis | Chronic degenerative disease of the liver. |
| Pancreatic cancer | Malignant tumor of the pancreas. |
| Pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas. |
| Viral hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus. |
Created by:
mrssmith0725
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