The Digestive System (Vocabulary)
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| Absorption | Passage of materials through the walls of the smal intestine into the bloodstream.
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| Amino acids | Small building blocks of proteins (like links in a chain), released when proteins are digested.
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| Amylase | Enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch.
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| Anus | Terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body.
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| Appendix | Blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the right lower quadrant [RLQ]).
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| Bile | Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
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| Bilirubin | Pigment released by the liver in bile.
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| Bowel | Intestine.
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| Canine teeth | Pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors.
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| Cecum | First part of the large intestine.
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| Colon | Large intestine, consisting of the cecum; the ascending, transverse, and descending segments of the colon; and the rectum.
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| Common bile duct | Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.
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| Defecation | Elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus.
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| Deglutition | Swallowing.
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| Dentin | The primary material found in teeth.
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| Digestion | Breakdown of conplex food to simpler forms.
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| Duodenum | First part of the small intestine; the duodenum measures 12 inches long.
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| Elimination | Act of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials as feces.
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| Emulsification | Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.
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| Enamel | Hard, outermost layer of a tooth.
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| Enzyme | A chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances.
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| Esophagus | Tube connecting the throat to the stomach.
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| Fatty acids | Substances produced when fats are digested.
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| Feces | Solid wastes; stool.
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| Gallbladder | Small sac under the live; stores bile.
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| Glucose | Simple sugar.
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| Glycogen | Starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells.
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| Hydrochloric acid | Substance produced by the stomach; necessart for digestion of food.
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| Ileum | Third part of the small intestine.
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| Incisor | One of four front teeth in the dental arch.
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| Insulin | Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas.
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| Jejunum | Second part of the small intestine.
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| Lipase | Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats.
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| Liver | A large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen.
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| Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) | Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach.
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| Mastication | Chewing.
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| Molar teeth | the sexth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch.
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| Palate | Roof of the mouth.
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| Pancreas | Organ under the stomach; produces insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods).
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| Papillae (singular: papilla) | Small elevation on the tongue.
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| Parotid gland | Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear.
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| Peristalsis | Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs.
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| Pharynx | Throat.
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| Portal vein | Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines.
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| Protease | Enzyme that digests proteins.
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| Pulp | Soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels.
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| Pyloric sphincter | Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum.
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| Pylorus | Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum.
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| Rectum | Last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus.
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| Rugae | Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach.
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| Saliva | Digestive juice produced by salivary glands.
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| Salivary glands | Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands.
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| Sigmoid colon | Fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum.
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| Sphincter | Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening.
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| Stomach | Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus.
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| Triglycerides | Fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol.
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| Uvula | Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate.
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| Villi (singular: villus) | Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
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