The Cardiovascular System (Lab Tests & Clinical Procedures)
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| Angiography (x-ray) | X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material.
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| BNP test (laboratory test) | Measurement of BNP (brain natriuetic peptide) in blood.
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| Cardiac biomarkers (laboratory test) | Chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack.
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| Cardiac catherization (clinical procedure) | Thin, flexible is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery.
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| Cardiac MRI | Images of the heart are produced using radiowave energy in a magnetic field.
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| Catheter ablation (clinical procedures-treatment) | Brief delivery of radiofrequency or cryosurgery to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias.
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| Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (clinical procedures-treatment) | Arteries and veins are anastomodes to coronary arteries to detour around blockages.
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| Computed tomography angiography (CTA) (x-ray) | Three-dimensional x-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography (CT) (64-slice CT scanner).
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| Defibrillation (clinical procedures-treatment) | Brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation).
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| Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) (x-ray) | Video equipment and a computer produce x-ray images of blood vessels.
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| Doppler ultrasound studies (ultrasound) | Sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels.
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| Echocardiography (ECHO) (ultrasound) | Echoes generated by high-frequency sound waves produce images of the heart.
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| Electrocardiography (ECG) | Recording of electricity flowing through the heart.
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| Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT or EBT) (x-ray) | Electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries in diagnose early CAD.
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| Endarterectomy (clinical procedures-treatment) | Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery.
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| Extracorporeal circulation (clinical procedures-treatment) | Heart-lung machine divers blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is repaired.
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| Heart transplantation (clinical procedureS-treatment) | A donor heart is transferred to a recipient.
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| Holter monitoring | An ECG device is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias.
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| Lipid tests (lipid profile) (laboratory test) | Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a blood sample.
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| Lipoprotein electrophoresis (laboratory test) | Lipoproteins (combinations of fat and protein) are physically separated and measured in a blood sample.
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| Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (clinical procedures-treatment) | Balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place.
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| Positron emission tomography (PET) scan (nuclear cardiology) | Images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose.
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| Stress test (clinical procedure) | Exercise tolerance test (ETT) determines the heart's response to physical exertion (stress).
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| Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan (nuclear cardiology) | Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue, where it is detected by scanning.
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| Thallium 201 scan (nuclear cardiology) | Concentration of radioactive thallium is measured to give information about blood supply to the heart muscle.
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| Thrombolytic therapy (clinical procedures-treatment) | Drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodatream of patients with coronary thrombosis.
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