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Chabner Chapter 11
The Cardiovascular System (Lab Tests & Clinical Procedures)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Angiography (x-ray) | X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material. |
| BNP test (laboratory test) | Measurement of BNP (brain natriuetic peptide) in blood. |
| Cardiac biomarkers (laboratory test) | Chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack. |
| Cardiac catherization (clinical procedure) | Thin, flexible is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery. |
| Cardiac MRI | Images of the heart are produced using radiowave energy in a magnetic field. |
| Catheter ablation (clinical procedures-treatment) | Brief delivery of radiofrequency or cryosurgery to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias. |
| Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (clinical procedures-treatment) | Arteries and veins are anastomodes to coronary arteries to detour around blockages. |
| Computed tomography angiography (CTA) (x-ray) | Three-dimensional x-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography (CT) (64-slice CT scanner). |
| Defibrillation (clinical procedures-treatment) | Brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation). |
| Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) (x-ray) | Video equipment and a computer produce x-ray images of blood vessels. |
| Doppler ultrasound studies (ultrasound) | Sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels. |
| Echocardiography (ECHO) (ultrasound) | Echoes generated by high-frequency sound waves produce images of the heart. |
| Electrocardiography (ECG) | Recording of electricity flowing through the heart. |
| Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT or EBT) (x-ray) | Electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries in diagnose early CAD. |
| Endarterectomy (clinical procedures-treatment) | Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery. |
| Extracorporeal circulation (clinical procedures-treatment) | Heart-lung machine divers blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is repaired. |
| Heart transplantation (clinical procedureS-treatment) | A donor heart is transferred to a recipient. |
| Holter monitoring | An ECG device is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias. |
| Lipid tests (lipid profile) (laboratory test) | Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a blood sample. |
| Lipoprotein electrophoresis (laboratory test) | Lipoproteins (combinations of fat and protein) are physically separated and measured in a blood sample. |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (clinical procedures-treatment) | Balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place. |
| Positron emission tomography (PET) scan (nuclear cardiology) | Images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose. |
| Stress test (clinical procedure) | Exercise tolerance test (ETT) determines the heart's response to physical exertion (stress). |
| Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan (nuclear cardiology) | Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue, where it is detected by scanning. |
| Thallium 201 scan (nuclear cardiology) | Concentration of radioactive thallium is measured to give information about blood supply to the heart muscle. |
| Thrombolytic therapy (clinical procedures-treatment) | Drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodatream of patients with coronary thrombosis. |
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