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USMLE classical findings & associations

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Disease/Finding
Association
Actinic keratosis   Precedes squamous cell carcinoma  
🗑
Addison's disease   Primary adrenocortical deficiency  
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Albright's syndrome   Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia- precocious puberty- café-au-lait spots- short stature- young girls  
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Albuminocytologic dissociation   Guillain-Barre - Increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count  
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Alport's syndrome   Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness  
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Anti-basement membrane Ab   Goodpasture's  
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Anti-centromere Ab   Scleroderma (CREST)  
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Anti-dsDNA Ab (aka ANA Ab)   SLE - Type III hypersensitivity  
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Anti-epithelial cell Ab   Pemphigus vulgaris  
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Anti-gliadin Ab   Celiac  
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Anti-histone Ab   Drug-induced SLE  
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Anti-IgG Ab   RA  
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Anti-mitochondrial Ab   Primary biliary cirrhosis  
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Anti-neutrophil Ab   Vasculitis  
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Anti-platelet Ab   ITP  
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Arachnodactyly   Marfan's  
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Argyll Robertson pupil   Tertiary syphilis (Prostitute pupil) - accomodates but does not react  
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Arnold-Chiari malformation   Cerebellar tonsillar herniation  
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Aschoff bodies   Rheumatic fever  
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Atrophy of the mamillary bodies   Wernicke's encephalopathy  
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Auer rods   AML - Promyelocytic  
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Autosplenectomy   Sickle cell  
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Babinski's sign   UMN lesion  
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Baker's cyst in popliteal fossa   Rheumatoid arthritis  
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"Bamboo spine" on x-ray   Ankylosing spondylitis  
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Bartter's syndrome   Hyperreninemia  
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Basophilic stippling of RBCs   Lead poisoning  
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Becker's muscular dystrophy   Defective dystrophin  
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Becker's muscular dystrophy   Less than Duchenne's  
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Bell's palsy   LMN CN VII palsy  
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Bence-Jones proteins   Multiple myeloma- Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia - MM = kappa or lambda Ig light chains; WM = IgM  
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Berger's disease   IgA nephropathy  
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Bernard-Soulier disease   Platelet adhesion defect  
🗑
Bilateral hilar adenopathy + uveitis   Sarcoid  
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Birbeck granules on EM   Langerhan's cell histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X) - Tennis racquets  
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Birbeck granules on EM (diseases)   Eosinophilic granuloma- Hand-Schuller-Christian Disease- Letterer-Siwe disease  
🗑
Bloody tap on lumbar puncture   Subarachnoid hemorrhage  
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"Blue bloater"   Chronic bronchitis  
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Blue-domed cysts   Fibrocystic change of the breast  
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Blue sclera   Osteogenesis imperfecta  
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Boot-shaped heart on X-ray   RVH- Tet  
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Bouchard's nodes   Osteoarthritis - PIP  
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Boutonniere deformity   RA  
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Branching rods in oral infection   Actinomyces israelii  
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"Brown tumor" of bone   Hemorrhage - Due to Hyperparathyroidism- osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghousen's disease)  
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Bruton's disease   X-linked agammaglobulinemia  
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Budd-Chiari syndrome   Posthepatic venous thrombosis  
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Buerger's disease   Small/medium artery vasculitis  
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Burkitt's lymphoma   8;14 - EBV  
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Burton's lines   Lead poisoning  
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C-ANCA   Wegener's  
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Café-au-lait spots on skin   Neurofibromatosis  
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Caisson disease   Gas emboli  
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Calf pseudohypertrophy   Duchenne  
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Call-Exner bodies   Granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary  
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Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy   Chagas disease  
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Cerebriform nuclei   Mycosis fungoides (Sezary syndrome) - Cutaneous T-Cell lymphoma  
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Chagas disease   Trypanosoma Cruzi  
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Chancre   Primary Syphilis - painless lesion  
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Chancroid   Haemophilus ducreyi - painful lesion  
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Charcot's triad   MS--nystagmus- intention tremor- scanning speech; Cholangitis--jaundice- RUQ pain- fever  
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Charcot-Leyden crystals   Bronchial Asthma - Eosinophil membranes  
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Chediak-Higashi disease   Phagocyte deficiency  
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Cherry-red spot on macula   Tay-Sachs- niemann-Pick- central retinal artery occlusion  
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations   Central apnea in CHF and inc. intracranial pressure  
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"Chocolate cysts"   Endometriosis - frequently both ovaries  
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Chronic atrophic gastritis   Gastric carcinoma  
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Chvostek's sign   Hypocalcemia - facial muscle spasm upon tapping  
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Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina   DES exposure in utero  
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Clue cells   Gardnerella vaginitis  
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Codman's triangle on x-ray   Osteosarcoma  
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Cold agglutinins   Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Mono  
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Cold intolerance   Hypothyroidism  
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Condylomata lata   Secondary syphilis - infectious pink or grey patches on skin  
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Continuous machinery murmur   PDA  
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Cori's disease   Debranching enzyme deficiency  
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Cotton-wool spots   Chronic HTN  
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Cough- conjuncitivitis- coryza- & fever   Measles  
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Councilman bodies   Hepatitis - toxic or viral  
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Cowdry type A bodies   Herpesvirus  
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Crescents in Bowman's capsule   Goodpasture  
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome   Congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia  
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Curling's ulcer   Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns  
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Currant-jelly sputum   Klebsiella  
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Curschmann's spirals   Bronchial asthma - whorled mucus plugs  
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Cushing's ulcer   Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury  
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D-Dimer   DIC  
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Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra   Parkinson's - basal ganglia disorder - rigidity/resting tremor/bradykinesia  
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Dermatitis- demetia- diarrhea   Pellagra - Niacin (B# deficiency)  
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Diabetes Insipidus + exophthalmos + skull lesions   Hand-Schuller-Christian disease  
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Dog or cat bite   Pasteurella multocida  
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Donovan bodies   Granuloma inguinale  
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Dressler's syndrome   Post-MI fibrinous pericarditis  
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Dubin-Johnson syndrome   Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia - black liver  
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Duchenne's muscular dystrophy   Deleted dystrophin gene - X-linked recessive  
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Eburnation   Osteoarthritis - bones become dense and polished (resembling ivory)  
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Edwards' syndrome   Trisomy 18 (rocker-bottom feet - low set ears - heart disease)  
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Eisenmenger's syndrome   Late cyanosis shunt - Reversal of L-->R shunt  
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Elastic skin   Ehlers-Danlos  
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Erythema chronicum migrans   Lyme disease  
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Fanconi's syndrome   Proximal tubular reabsorption defect  
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Fat - female - forty - and fertile   Acute cholecystitis  
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Fatty liver   Alcoholism  
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Ferruginous bodies   Asbestos  
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Gardner's syndrome   Colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors  
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Gaucher's disease   Glucocerebrosidase deficiency  
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Ghon complex   Primary TB  
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Gilbert's disease   Benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia  
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia   Defect in plt aggregation  
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Goodpasture   Anti-BM  
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Gower's maneuver   Duchenne's (Pt uses arms to help legs pick self up off floor)  
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Guillain-Barre syndrome   Idiopathic polyneuritis  
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"Hair-on-end" appearance on X-ray   B-thalassemia & sickle cell (Extramedullary hematopoiesis)  
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Hand-Schuler-Christian disease   Chronic progressive histiocytosis  
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HbF   Thalassemia major  
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HbS   Sickle cell  
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hCG elevated   Choriocarcinoma- hydatidiform mole  
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Heberden's nodes   Osteoarthritis - DIP  
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Heinz bodies   G6PD deficiency  
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura   Hypersensitivity vasculitis - Assoc with hemorrhagic uticaria and URIs  
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Heterophil Ab   Mono (EBV)  
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High-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy)   Wet beriberi (Thiamine B1 deficiency)  
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HLA-B27   Reiter's syndrome- ankylosing spondylitis  
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HLA-DR3 or HLA-DR4   DM I  
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Homer-Wright rosettes   Neuroblastoma  
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Honeycomb lung on X-ray   Interstitial fibrosis  
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Horner's syndrome   Ptosis- miosis- anhidrosis  
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Howell-Jolly bodies   Splenectomy  
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Huntington's disease   Caudate degeneration - Auto dominant  
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Hyperphagia + hypersexuality + hyperorality + hyperdocility   Kluver-Bucy sundrome - problem with amygdala  
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Hyperpigmentation of skin   Addison's disease (primary adrenal insufficiency)  
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Hypersegmented neutrophils   Macrocytic anemia  
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HTN + hypokalemia   Conn's syndrome  
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Hypochromic- microcytic anemia   Iron-deficiency anemia- lead poisoning  
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Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum   Anencephaly/spina bifida  
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Increased uric acid levels   Gout- Lesch-Nyhan syndrome- myeloproliferative disorders- loop and thiazide diuretics  
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Intussusception   Adenovirus - how? Hyperplasia of peyer's patches  
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Janeway lesions   Endocarditis  
🗑
Jarish-Herxheimer reaction Syphilis - due to overaggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt --> rapid lysis   (blank)  
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Job's syndrome   Neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality  
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Kaposi's Sarcoma   AIDS in MSM  
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Kartagener's syndrome   Dynein defect  
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Keyser-Fleischer rings   High free copper (decreased ceruloplasmin) - Wilson's disease  
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Keratin pearls   Squamous cell carcinoma  
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Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules   Diabetic nephropathy  
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Kluver-Bucy syndrome   Bilateral amygdala lesions  
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Koilocytes   HPV  
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Koplik spots   Measles  
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Krukenberg tumor   Gastric adenocarcinoma with ovarian metastases  
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Kussmaul hyperpnea   Diabetic ketoacidosis  
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Lens dislocation + aortic dissection + joint hyperflexibility   Marfan's - Fibrillin gene defect  
🗑
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome   HGPRT - Nucleotide salvage pathway defect  
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Lewy bodies   Parkinson's  
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Libman-Sacks disease   Endocarditis - Assoc with SLE  
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Lines of Zahn   Arterial thrombus  
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Lisch nodules   Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease)  
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Low serum ceruloplasmin   Wilson's disease  
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Lucid interval   Epidural hematoma  
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"Lumpy-bumpy" glomeruli on immunofluorescence   Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis  
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Lytic bone lesions on X-ray   Multiple Myeloma  
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Mallory bodies   Alcoholic liver disease  
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome   Esophagogastric lacerations  
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McArdle's disease   Muscle phosphorylase deficiency  
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McBurney's sign   Appendicitis  
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MLF syndrome (INO)   MS  
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Monoclonal Ab spike   Multiple Myeloma- MGUS- Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia - Called "M protein" - IgG and IgA elevated  
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Myxedema   Hypothyroidism  
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Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis   Wegener's and Goodpasture's (hemoptysis and glomerular disease)  
🗑
Needle-shaped- negatively birefringent crystals   Gout  
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Negri bodies   Rabies  
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Nephritis + cataracts + hearing loss   Alport's  
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Neurofibrillary tangles   Alzheimer's  
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Niemann-Pick disease   Sphingomyelinase deficiency  
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No lactation postpartum   Sheehan's syndrome (pit. Infarct)  
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Nutmeg liver   CHF  
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Occupational exposure to asbestos   Malignant mesothelioma  
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"Orphan Annie" nuclei   Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid  
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Osler's nodes   Endocarditis  
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Owl's eye   CMV  
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Painless jaundice   Pancreatic cancer (head)  
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Palpable purpura on legs & buttocks   Henoch-Schonlein purpura  
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P-ANCA   Polyarteritis Nodosa  
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Pancoast's tumor   Superior sulcus tumor (bronchogenic apical tumor) - Horner's syndrome  
🗑
Pannus   Rheumatoid arthritis  
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Parkinson's   Nigrostriatal dopamine depletion  
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Periosteal elevation on X-ray   Pyogenic osteomyelitis  
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Peutz-Jeghers syndrome   Benign polyposis  
🗑
Peyronie's disease   Penile fibrosis  
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Philadelphia chromosome   CML - 9:22- bcr-abl  
🗑
Pick bodies   Pick's disease  
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Pick's disease   Progressive dementia- similar to Alzheimer's  
🗑
"Pink puffer"   Emphysema  
🗑
"Pink puffer"   Centroacinar (smoking)- Panacinar (a-1 antitrypsin def.)  
🗑
Plummer-vinson syndrome   Esophageal webs w/ iron deficiency anemia  
🗑
Podagra   Gout  
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Podagra   Severe pain in MP joint of hallux  
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Podocyte fusion   Minimal change disease  
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Polyneuropathy- cardiac pathology- and edema   Dry beriberi - Thiamine (B1) deficiency  
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Polyneuropathy preceded by GI/Resp infection   Guillain-Barre  
🗑
Pompe's disease   Glucosidase deficiency - Cardiomegaly  
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Port-wine stain   Hemangioma  
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Positive "anterior drawer" sign   ACL injury  
🗑
Pott's disease   Verterbral TB  
🗑
Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement   Glioblastoma multiforme  
🗑
Psudorosettes   Ewing's sarcoma  
🗑
Ptosis- miosis- anhidrosis   Horner's syndrome  
🗑
Rash on palms and soles   Secondary syphilis- RMSF  
🗑
Raynaud's syndrome   Recurrent vasospasm in extremities  
🗑
RBC casts in urine   Acute glomerulonephritis  
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Recurrent pulmonary Pseudomonas and S. Aureus infxns   CF  
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Red urine in the morning   Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria  
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Reed-Sternberg cells   Hodgkin's  
🗑
Increased Reid index   Chronic bronchitis  
🗑
Reinke crystals   Leydig cell tumor  
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Reiter's syndrome   Urethritis- conjunctivitis- arthritis  
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Renal cell carcinoma + cavernous hemagiomas + adenomas   von Hippel-Lindau disease  
🗑
Renal epithelial casts in urine   Acute toxic/viral nephrosis  
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Rhomboid crystals- positively birefringent   Pseudogout  
🗑
Rib notching   Coarc  
🗑
Roth's spots in retina   Endocarditis  
🗑
Rotor's syndrome   Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia  
🗑
Rouleaux formation   Multiple myeloma  
🗑
Russell bodies   Multiple myeloma  
🗑
S3   L-->R shunt (VSD- PDA- ASD)- mitral regurg- LV failure (CHF)  
🗑
S4   Aortic stenosis- hypertrophic subaortic stenosis  
🗑
Schiller-duval bodies   Yolk sac tumor  
🗑
Senile plaques   Alzheimer's  
🗑
Sezary syndrome   Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma  
🗑
Sezary syndrome   Mycosis fungoides  
🗑
Sheehan's syndrome   Postpartum pituitary necrosis  
🗑
Shwartzman reaction   N. meningitidis  
🗑
Signet-ring cells   Gastric carcinoma  
🗑
Simian crease   Down's  
🗑
Sipple's syndrome   MEN type IIa  
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Sjogren's syndrome   Dry eyes- dry mouth- arthritis  
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Skip lesions   Crohn's  
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Slapped cheeks   Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) -Parvo  
🗑
Smith Ag   SLE  
🗑
Smudge cell   CLL  
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Soap bubble on X-ray   Giant cell tumor of bone  
🗑
Spike and dome on EM   Membranous glomerulonephritis  
🗑
Spitz nevus   Benign juvenile melanoma  
🗑
Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails   Endocarditis  
🗑
Starry-sky pattern   Burkitt's  
🗑
"Strawberry tongue"   Scarlet fever - Strep pyo  
🗑
Streak ovaries   Turner's  
🗑
String sign on X-ray   Crohn's  
🗑
Subepithelial humps on EM   Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis  
🗑
Suboccipital lymphadenopathy   Rubella  
🗑
Sulfur granules   A. Israelii  
🗑
Swollen gums- bruising- poor wound healing- anemia   Scurvy (ascorbic acid (vit C) deficiency) - Hydroxylation of Pro- Lys in collagen synthesis  
🗑
Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)   Aortic stenosis  
🗑
t(8;14)   Burkitt's - c-myc  
🗑
t(9;22)   CML - bcr-abl; Philadelphia chromosome  
🗑
t(14;18)   Follicular lymphoma - bcl-2  
🗑
Tabes dorsalis   Tertiary syphilis  
🗑
Tendon xanthomas (clasically achilles)   Familial hypercholesterolemia  
🗑
Thumb sign on lateral X-ray   Epiglottitis - HiB  
🗑
Thyroidization of kidney   Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis  
🗑
Tophi   Gout  
🗑
"Tram-track" appearance on LM   Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis  
🗑
Trousseau's sign   Visceral cancer- pancreatic adenocarcinoma (migratory thrombophlebitis)- hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)  
🗑
Virchow's node   Left supraclavicular node enlargement from metastatic carcinoma of the stomach  
🗑
Virchow's triad   Due to PE / triad:Blood stasis- endothelial damage- hypercoagulability  
🗑
von Recklinghausen's disease   Neurofibromatosis with café-au-lait spots  
🗑
von Recklinghausen's disease of bone   Osteitis fibrosa cystica - "brown tumor"  
🗑
Wallenberg's syndrome   PICA thrombosis  
🗑
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome   Adrenal hemorrhage associated with meningococcemia  
🗑
Waxy casts   Chronic end-stage renal disease  
🗑
WBC casts in urine   Acute pyelonephritis  
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WBCs in urine   Acute cystitis  
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Wermer's syndrome   MEN type I  
🗑
Whipple's disease   Malabsorption syndrome caused by Tropheryma whippelii  
🗑
Wilson's disease   Hepatolenticular degeneration  
🗑
"Wire loop" appearance on LM   Lupus nephropathy  
🗑
"Worst headache of my life"   Berry aneurysm - assoc with Adult PCKD  
🗑
Xanthochromia (CSF)   Subarachnoid hemorrhage  
🗑
Xerostomia + arthritis + keratocunjunctivitis sicca   Sjogren's  
🗑
Zenker's diverticulum   Upper GI diverticulum  
🗑
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome   Gastrin-secreting tumor  
🗑
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome   Ulcers  
🗑


   

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