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The Respiratory System (Vocabulary)

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Term
Definition
Adenoids   Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils.  
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Alveolus (plural: alveoli)   Air sac in the lung.  
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Apex of the lung   Tip or uppermost portion of the lung.  
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Base of the lung   Lower portion of the lung.  
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Bronchioles   Smallest branches of the bronchi. Terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts.  
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Bronchus (plural: bronchi)   Brance of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung; bronchial tube.  
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Carbon dioxide (CO2)   Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and food combine; exhaled through the lungs.  
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Cilia   Thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract. They clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung. Cigarette smoke impairs the function of cells.  
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Diaphragm   Muscle separating the chest and abdomen. It contracts and releases to make breathing possible.  
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Epiglottis   Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing.  
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Expiration   Breathing out (exhalation).  
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Glottis   Slit-like opening to the larynx.  
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Hilum (of lung)   Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs.  
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Inspiration   Breathing in (inhalation).  
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Larynx   Voice box; containing vocal cords.  
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Lobe   Division of a lung.  
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Mediastinum   Region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes.  
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Nares   Openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities.  
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Oxygen (O2)   Gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells.  
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Palatine tonsil   One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (palatine means pertaining to the roof of the mouth).  
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Paranasal sinus   One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose.  
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Parietal pleura   Outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall.  
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Pharynx   Throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and larynxopharynx.  
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Pleura   Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung.  
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Pleural cavity   Space between the folds of the pleura.  
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Pulmonary parenchyma   Essential part of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchiles and alveoli.  
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Respiration   Process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing.  
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Trachea   Windpipe.  
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Visceral pleura   Inner fold of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue.  
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