The Respiratory System (Vocabulary)
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Adenoids | Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils.
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Alveolus (plural: alveoli) | Air sac in the lung.
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Apex of the lung | Tip or uppermost portion of the lung.
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Base of the lung | Lower portion of the lung.
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Bronchioles | Smallest branches of the bronchi. Terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts.
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Bronchus (plural: bronchi) | Brance of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung; bronchial tube.
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) | Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and food combine; exhaled through the lungs.
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Cilia | Thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract. They clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung. Cigarette smoke impairs the function of cells.
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Diaphragm | Muscle separating the chest and abdomen. It contracts and releases to make breathing possible.
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Epiglottis | Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing.
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Expiration | Breathing out (exhalation).
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Glottis | Slit-like opening to the larynx.
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Hilum (of lung) | Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs.
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Inspiration | Breathing in (inhalation).
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Larynx | Voice box; containing vocal cords.
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Lobe | Division of a lung.
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Mediastinum | Region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes.
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Nares | Openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities.
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Oxygen (O2) | Gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells.
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Palatine tonsil | One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (palatine means pertaining to the roof of the mouth).
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Paranasal sinus | One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose.
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Parietal pleura | Outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall.
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Pharynx | Throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and larynxopharynx.
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Pleura | Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung.
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Pleural cavity | Space between the folds of the pleura.
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Pulmonary parenchyma | Essential part of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchiles and alveoli.
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Respiration | Process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing.
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Trachea | Windpipe.
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Visceral pleura | Inner fold of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue.
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