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Chabner Chapter 12
The Respiratory System (Vocabulary)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adenoids | Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils. |
| Alveolus (plural: alveoli) | Air sac in the lung. |
| Apex of the lung | Tip or uppermost portion of the lung. |
| Base of the lung | Lower portion of the lung. |
| Bronchioles | Smallest branches of the bronchi. Terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts. |
| Bronchus (plural: bronchi) | Brance of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung; bronchial tube. |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) | Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and food combine; exhaled through the lungs. |
| Cilia | Thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract. They clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung. Cigarette smoke impairs the function of cells. |
| Diaphragm | Muscle separating the chest and abdomen. It contracts and releases to make breathing possible. |
| Epiglottis | Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing. |
| Expiration | Breathing out (exhalation). |
| Glottis | Slit-like opening to the larynx. |
| Hilum (of lung) | Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs. |
| Inspiration | Breathing in (inhalation). |
| Larynx | Voice box; containing vocal cords. |
| Lobe | Division of a lung. |
| Mediastinum | Region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes. |
| Nares | Openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities. |
| Oxygen (O2) | Gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells. |
| Palatine tonsil | One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (palatine means pertaining to the roof of the mouth). |
| Paranasal sinus | One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose. |
| Parietal pleura | Outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall. |
| Pharynx | Throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and larynxopharynx. |
| Pleura | Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung. |
| Pleural cavity | Space between the folds of the pleura. |
| Pulmonary parenchyma | Essential part of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchiles and alveoli. |
| Respiration | Process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing. |
| Trachea | Windpipe. |
| Visceral pleura | Inner fold of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue. |
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mrssmith0725
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