Flashcards for Final March 8, 2012
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| What is the name of the enzyme that destroys acetylcholine? | Acetylcholinesterase
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| There are four major areas of the brain:the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and | Cerebellum
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| The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are referred to as the | Brain Stem
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| Excessive opioids (narcotics) depress the medulla oblongata and therefore cause | Respiratory Depression
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| Endorphins are | Natural morphine-like substances that can reduce anxiety and induce a sense of well-being.
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| The Medulla Oblongata descends as the | Spinal cord
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| The pituitary gland sits beneath the | Hypothalamus
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| In which cerebral lobe is Broca's area located? | Frontal
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| Which of the following is located within the subarachnoid space? | Cerebrospinal fluid
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| Which of the following is the type of nervous tissue that conducts a nerve impulse? | Neuron
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| What is the name of motor speech area located in the frontal lobe? | Broca's area
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| Which structure is also called the "emotional brain?" | Limbic system
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| Which structure is part of the diencephalon; it regulates the anterior pituitary gland, water balance, appetite, body temperature, and the autonomic nervous system? | Hypothalamus
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| Which structure plays a key role in personality development and emotional behavioral expression, and carries out the "executive" functions? | Frontal lobe
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| Parkinson's disease | Is caused by a deficiency of dopamine within the basal ganglia
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| To achieve spinal anethesia, a -caine drug is injected into the | subarchnoid space
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| The fifth cranial nerve, called the __________ nerve, is a mixed nerve that detects sensations from the scalp, face, and teeth. | Trigeminal
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| The tenth cranial nerve, the __________ nerve, "wanders" outside the head area and innervates the heart and gastrointestinal systems. | Vagus
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| Which of the following is most descriptive of the phrenic nerve? | Motor nerve supplying the diaphragm
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| An antibiotic-induced ototoxicity damages which nerve? | Vestibulocochlear nerve
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| Damage to the common peroneal nerve causes | footdrop
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| A spinal cord injury at the level of C2 causes | quadriplegia and an inability to breathe
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| A lumbar puncture is done by inserting a needle into the | subarachnoid space
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| The baroreceptor reflex controls | blood pressure
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| Which reflex is concerned with the regulation of blood pressure? | Baroreceptor
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| Which of the following is most characteristics of the parasympathetic nervous system? | Feed-and-Breed system
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| The effects of adrenal medullary secretion most resemble | sympathetic nerve discharge
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| An adrenergitic fiber is one that | secretes norepinephrine as its transmitter
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| Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves | innervate the viscera
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| A drug that causes the heart to beat stronger and faster is called | sympathomimetic
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| Alpha and beta receptors are | activated by norepiinephrine
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| A beta1-adrenergic agonist | increases heart rate
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| Muscarinic receptors are | activated by ACh
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| A patient has vagally induced bradycardia (slow heart rate). Which of the following will relieve the bradycardia? | Muscarinic antagonist
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| What is the name of the specialized area of a sensory neuron that detects a specific stimulus? | Receptor
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| Photoreceptors detect | light
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| A nociceptor detects | pain
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| The colored part of the eye that contains the intrinsic eye muscles: the circular muscle and the radial muscles is known as (the) | iris
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| Which cerebral lobe is concerned primarily with vision? | Occipital
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| Which of the following structures secretes tears? | Lacrimal gland
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| Which of the following structures is located outside of the eye? | Conjunctiva
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| The sclera | is the outer layer of the eyeball
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| A cataract is a | cloudy lens
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| Which structure separates the outer ear from the middle ear? | Tympanic membrane
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| Bone conduction occurs in the | middle ear
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| Cerumen collects in the | outer ear
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| The semicircular canals are concerned with | balance
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| Which of the following is one of the special senses? | Balance
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| Which of the following is concerned with the sense of smell? | Olfaction
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| The eustachian tube connects the pharynx (throat) with which structure? | Middle ear
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| Which type of tissue is found in organs that need to stretch (i.e., urinary bladder)? | Transitional epithelium
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| Which type of cell conducts an action potential or electrical signal? | Neuron
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| What is the most abundant of the four types of tissue? | Connective tissue
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| Ligments, tendons, and cartilage are types of __________ tissue. | connective
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| Which type of tissue is most likely to prevent a kidney from "floating?" | Adipose tissue
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| Which of the following membranes form(s) the outer lining of the lungs? | Visceral pleura
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| Which of the following is most related to a carcinoma and sarcoma? | Cancer
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| Which type of membrane lines the ventral body cavities that are not open to the exterior of the body? | Serous membrane
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| Which of the four major tissue types is able to regenerate and repair quickly when injured? | Epithelial
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| Which of the following is true of an exocrine gland? | Secretes its products to the outside or onto a surface
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| Osseous tissue is | also called bone tissue.
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| The pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum are | serous membranes.
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| Radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation are terms that are concerned with | heat loss.
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| Hives are called | urticaria.
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| What is the color of skin that is supplied by oxygen-poor blood? | Cyanotic
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| Which of the following is associated with the conservation of heat? | Blood vessels constrict
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| What is the effect of shivering? | Increases heat production
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| Cyanosis | refers to a bluish coloring of the skin caused by hypoxemia
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| The hypothalamus | a. is the body's thermostat b. can be affected by pyrogens c. is involved in thermoregulation d. All of the above
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| The humerus | is located in the arm.
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| Which of the following is most descriptive of the atlas and the axis? | Vertebral
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| Which of the following word(s) is (are) related to the ribs? | True, false, and floating
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| Which bone is described by the following: leg, shin, and medial malleolus? | Tibia
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| Which bone is distal to the acetabulum and proximal to the patella? | Femur
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| Which bone is distal to the femur and proximal to the tibia? | Patella
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| Which of the following is located at the ends of a long bone? | Epiphysis
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| Spongy or cancellous refers to a(n) | soft bone.
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| Which structure is the site of attachment for tendons? | Periosteum
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| Which structure refers to the shaft of a long bone? | Diaphysis
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| Cervical, thoracic lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal refer to | vertebrae.
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| At which joint do the humerous and ulna meet? | Elbow
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| At which joint do the femur and tibia meet? | Tibiofemoral
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| Injury to the epihyseal disc of the tibia may | stunt the growth of the injured leg.
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| Which bone structure is most concerned with emopoiesis? | Bone marrow
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| Which of the following refers to an exaggerated thoracic curvature of the spine (hunchback)? | Kyphosis
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| Myelosuppression affects which structure? | Bone marrow
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| Osteoclastic activity | raises blood calcium levels
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| Which group of muscles is located on the posterior thigh? | Hamstrings
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| The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius | are the muscles of the quadriceps femoris
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| The brachialis and brachioradialis | flex the forearm at the elbow.
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| Which muscle lies along the anterior surface of the humerus and acts synergistically with the brachialis and brachioradialis to flex the forearm at the elbow? | Biceps brachii
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| What is the name of the cord of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone? | Tendon
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| What is the site of calcium storage in a relaxed skeletal muscle? | Sarcoplasmic reticulum
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| Acetylcholine is released from the prejunctional membrane in response to the | nerve impulse.
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| Which of the following is responsible for muscle relaxation? | Calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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| Which of the following describes a muscle that remains in a contracted stte? | Tetany
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| Joey has had his leg in a non-weight-bearing cast for 8 weeks. When the cast is removed, the leg appears smaller than the uninjured leg. Which term best describes this observation? | Disuse Atrophy
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| Which muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is also the chief breathing muscle? | Diaphragm
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| On which large muscle do you sit? | Gluteus maximus
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| Which type of muscle requires stimulation by a somatic motor neuron? | Skeletal
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| Which of the following "slides" in the sliding filament hypothesis? | Actin and myosin
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| Muscle relaxation | occurs when calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
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| The somatic motor nerve that supples the muscles of the thigh has been severed; therefore, the person | cannot walk
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| Which of the following is a higher order of organization? | Organ
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| The head is located _________ to the chest. | superior
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| The foot is located __________ to the leg. | distal
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| The leg is __________ to the thigh. | distal
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| The thigh is proximal __________ to the foot. | proximal
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| The thoracic cavity is __________ to the abdominopelvic cavity. | superior
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| which organ is located in the dorsal cavity? | Brain
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| Which cavity is divided into quadrants? | Abdominopelvic
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| Which of the following refers to the lower back region? | Lumbar
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| Which of the following refers to the groin region? | Inguinal
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| Which of the following refers to the area in front of the elbow? | Antecubital
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| Which of the following is true of the dorsal cavity? | It contains the brain and spinal cord.
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| The sternal area is | the breastbone area
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| A patient has been in a car wreck and is admitted to the emergency department with a chief complaint of severe cervical pain accompanied by loss of sensation in all extremities. Which of the following indicates the site of pain? | Neck
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| A patient was admitted to the emergency department and the physician recorded the patient's pain as being substernal, radiating to the left axillary region. Which of the following is a restatement of this description? | The pain originates behind the breastbone and radiates to the left armpit area.
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| A patient with a history of gallbladder disease complains of midepigastric pain that radiates to the right subscapular region. What best describes the pain? | High abdominal pain, radiating to below the right shoulder blade area
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| Which of the following is a measurement of hydrogen ion concentration of [H+}? | pH
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| The sharing of electrons is referred to as | covalent bonding.
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| A cation is a(n) | positively charged ion.
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| Which of the following is true of an anion? | An anion carries a negative charge.
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| NaCI, table salt, is called a(n) | electrolyte.
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| Which process referes to the dissociation of NaCI into Na+ and CI-? | Ionization
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| Which of the following represents bicarbonate, an anion that is important in acid-base regulation? | HCO3-
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| Which compound is the universal solvent? | Water
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| [H+] refers to | hydrogen ion concentration.
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| Which compound is a waste product of cellular metabolism? | Carbon dioxide
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| Which of the following increases the speed of a chemical reaction, but is itself not used up in the chemical reaction? | A catalyst
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| What is the energy-transferring molecule? | ATP
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| Which of the following is most descriptive of HCI? | Is called bicarbonate
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| ATP | is an energy transfer molecule
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| An electrolyte | dissociates into ions.
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| A catalyst | increases the speed of a chemical reaction
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| Which of the following is considered the control center of the cell? | Nucleus
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| The mitochondrion is called the power plant of the cell because __________ within the mitochondrion. | most of the ATP is produced
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| Which of the following is found on the rough endoplasmic retuclum? | Ribosomes
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| What is the transport mechanism in this description: a passive process that "pulls" water from an area where there is more water to an area where there is less water? | Osmosis
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| What is the transport mechanism in this description: a passive process that uses a pressure difference as its driving force? | Filtration
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| What are the hairlike structures located on the outer surface of the cell membrane? | Cilia
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| Lyosomes are filled with | powerful enzymes that destroy cellular debris and pathogens.
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| Which of the following best describes the power or driving force for active transport? | ATP
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| What is the transport mechanism in this description: a passive process that uses a carrier molecule to move a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration? | Facilitated diffusion
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| What is the name of the process in which an intracellular protein-containing vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and expels the protein to the outside of the cell? | Exocytosis
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| Which process describes phagocytosis and pinocytosis? | Endocytosis
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| Which word means "the bursting of red blood cells"? | Hemolysis
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| If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution such as water, the cell will | swell and burst
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| Which type of solution causes crenation or shrinkage of submerged red blood cells? | Hypertonic
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| Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are phases of | mitosis.
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| Pinocytosis | refers to cellular drinking.
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| Which of the following best describes normal saline? | Isotonic
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| Which of the following best describes the eating of a bacterium by a lysosome? | Phagocytosis
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| In which structure is most DNA found? | Nucleus
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| Which of the following most accurately describes diffusion? | Passive transport
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| Oxygen moves from the lungs (high concentration) into the blood (low concentration) in response to | diffusion.
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| Which process describes the pushing of water cross the capillary (blood vessel) membrane? | Filtration
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| Which structure is described as a semipermeable lipid bilayer? | Cell membrane
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| The selectively permeable membrane | determines which substances enter and leave the cell.
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| A child has experienced to a blow to the head causing a slow bleed. Although the bleeding has stopped, the blood clot continues to expand because | the particles of the blood clot osmotically active and draw water into the clot.
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| Plasma proteins determine | plasma oncotic (osmotic) pressure.
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| If plasma protein leaks into the tissue spaces, | edema develops
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| Which of the following best describes a cell that is necrotic? | Dead
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| A cervical Pap smear indicates well differentiated cells. You would interpret this statement as | a normal cellular appearance.
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| Which of the following is a nitrogen-containing waste product? | Urea
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| Which of the following is a waste product of glucose metabolism? | CO2
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| Glucose is usally broken down to | provide energy (ATP) for the working cells.
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| Which of the following are building blocks of protein? | Amino acids
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| Glycogen is | the storage of form of glucose
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| Which of the following is (are) produced by the rapid and incomplete breakdown of fatty acids? | Acetone and ketoacids
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| Ketone body formation is most likely to cause | acidosis.
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| Gluconeogenesis is a process that makes | glucose from protein.
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| Gluconeogenesis | increases blood glucose.
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| Which of the following is characteristic of urea? | Nitrogen-containing waste formed in the liver
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| Which of the following is most descriptive of ammonia? | Nitrogen-containing and brain-toxic
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| ***Which cavity is divided into quadrants? | Abdominopelvic
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| ***Which region is included within the right upper quadrant (RUQ)? | Right hypochondriac
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| ***Which region is included within the left lower quadrant (LLQ)? | Left iliac
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| ***Which of the following refers to the lower back region? | Lumbar
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| ***Which of the following refers to the groin region? | Inguinal
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| ***Which of the following refers to the area in front of the elbow? | Antecubital
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| ***Which of the following is a measurement of hydrogen ion concentration [H=]? | pH
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| ***A cation is a(n) | positively charged ion.
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| ***NaCI, table salt, is called a(n) | electrolyte
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| ***Which of the following is an anion? | HCO3-
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| ***Which compound is the universal solvent? | Water
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| ***Which of the following is true of Na+? | Called the sodium ion
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| ***An electrolyte | dissociates into ions.
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| ***Which of the following is most descriptive of the function of an enzyme? | Catalyst
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| ***What is the transport mechanism in this description: a passive process that "pulls" water from an area where there is more water to an area where there is less water? | Osmosis
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| ***What is the transport mechanism in this description: a passive process that uses a pressure difference as its driving force? | Filtration
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| ***Lysosomes are filled with | powerful enzymes that destroy cellular debris and pathogens.
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| ***What is the transport mechanism in this description: a passive process that uses a carrier molecule to move a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration? | Facilated diffusion
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| #19 |
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