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Final March 8
Flashcards for Final March 8, 2012
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the name of the enzyme that destroys acetylcholine? | Acetylcholinesterase |
| There are four major areas of the brain:the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and | Cerebellum |
| The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are referred to as the | Brain Stem |
| Excessive opioids (narcotics) depress the medulla oblongata and therefore cause | Respiratory Depression |
| Endorphins are | Natural morphine-like substances that can reduce anxiety and induce a sense of well-being. |
| The Medulla Oblongata descends as the | Spinal cord |
| The pituitary gland sits beneath the | Hypothalamus |
| In which cerebral lobe is Broca's area located? | Frontal |
| Which of the following is located within the subarachnoid space? | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| Which of the following is the type of nervous tissue that conducts a nerve impulse? | Neuron |
| What is the name of motor speech area located in the frontal lobe? | Broca's area |
| Which structure is also called the "emotional brain?" | Limbic system |
| Which structure is part of the diencephalon; it regulates the anterior pituitary gland, water balance, appetite, body temperature, and the autonomic nervous system? | Hypothalamus |
| Which structure plays a key role in personality development and emotional behavioral expression, and carries out the "executive" functions? | Frontal lobe |
| Parkinson's disease | Is caused by a deficiency of dopamine within the basal ganglia |
| To achieve spinal anethesia, a -caine drug is injected into the | subarchnoid space |
| The fifth cranial nerve, called the __________ nerve, is a mixed nerve that detects sensations from the scalp, face, and teeth. | Trigeminal |
| The tenth cranial nerve, the __________ nerve, "wanders" outside the head area and innervates the heart and gastrointestinal systems. | Vagus |
| Which of the following is most descriptive of the phrenic nerve? | Motor nerve supplying the diaphragm |
| An antibiotic-induced ototoxicity damages which nerve? | Vestibulocochlear nerve |
| Damage to the common peroneal nerve causes | footdrop |
| A spinal cord injury at the level of C2 causes | quadriplegia and an inability to breathe |
| A lumbar puncture is done by inserting a needle into the | subarachnoid space |
| The baroreceptor reflex controls | blood pressure |
| Which reflex is concerned with the regulation of blood pressure? | Baroreceptor |
| Which of the following is most characteristics of the parasympathetic nervous system? | Feed-and-Breed system |
| The effects of adrenal medullary secretion most resemble | sympathetic nerve discharge |
| An adrenergitic fiber is one that | secretes norepinephrine as its transmitter |
| Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves | innervate the viscera |
| A drug that causes the heart to beat stronger and faster is called | sympathomimetic |
| Alpha and beta receptors are | activated by norepiinephrine |
| A beta1-adrenergic agonist | increases heart rate |
| Muscarinic receptors are | activated by ACh |
| A patient has vagally induced bradycardia (slow heart rate). Which of the following will relieve the bradycardia? | Muscarinic antagonist |
| What is the name of the specialized area of a sensory neuron that detects a specific stimulus? | Receptor |
| Photoreceptors detect | light |
| A nociceptor detects | pain |
| The colored part of the eye that contains the intrinsic eye muscles: the circular muscle and the radial muscles is known as (the) | iris |
| Which cerebral lobe is concerned primarily with vision? | Occipital |
| Which of the following structures secretes tears? | Lacrimal gland |
| Which of the following structures is located outside of the eye? | Conjunctiva |
| The sclera | is the outer layer of the eyeball |
| A cataract is a | cloudy lens |
| Which structure separates the outer ear from the middle ear? | Tympanic membrane |
| Bone conduction occurs in the | middle ear |
| Cerumen collects in the | outer ear |
| The semicircular canals are concerned with | balance |
| Which of the following is one of the special senses? | Balance |
| Which of the following is concerned with the sense of smell? | Olfaction |
| The eustachian tube connects the pharynx (throat) with which structure? | Middle ear |
| Which type of tissue is found in organs that need to stretch (i.e., urinary bladder)? | Transitional epithelium |
| Which type of cell conducts an action potential or electrical signal? | Neuron |
| What is the most abundant of the four types of tissue? | Connective tissue |
| Ligments, tendons, and cartilage are types of __________ tissue. | connective |
| Which type of tissue is most likely to prevent a kidney from "floating?" | Adipose tissue |
| Which of the following membranes form(s) the outer lining of the lungs? | Visceral pleura |
| Which of the following is most related to a carcinoma and sarcoma? | Cancer |
| Which type of membrane lines the ventral body cavities that are not open to the exterior of the body? | Serous membrane |
| Which of the four major tissue types is able to regenerate and repair quickly when injured? | Epithelial |
| Which of the following is true of an exocrine gland? | Secretes its products to the outside or onto a surface |
| Osseous tissue is | also called bone tissue. |
| The pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum are | serous membranes. |
| Radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation are terms that are concerned with | heat loss. |
| Hives are called | urticaria. |
| What is the color of skin that is supplied by oxygen-poor blood? | Cyanotic |
| Which of the following is associated with the conservation of heat? | Blood vessels constrict |
| What is the effect of shivering? | Increases heat production |
| Cyanosis | refers to a bluish coloring of the skin caused by hypoxemia |
| The hypothalamus | a. is the body's thermostat b. can be affected by pyrogens c. is involved in thermoregulation d. All of the above |
| The humerus | is located in the arm. |
| Which of the following is most descriptive of the atlas and the axis? | Vertebral |
| Which of the following word(s) is (are) related to the ribs? | True, false, and floating |
| Which bone is described by the following: leg, shin, and medial malleolus? | Tibia |
| Which bone is distal to the acetabulum and proximal to the patella? | Femur |
| Which bone is distal to the femur and proximal to the tibia? | Patella |
| Which of the following is located at the ends of a long bone? | Epiphysis |
| Spongy or cancellous refers to a(n) | soft bone. |
| Which structure is the site of attachment for tendons? | Periosteum |
| Which structure refers to the shaft of a long bone? | Diaphysis |
| Cervical, thoracic lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal refer to | vertebrae. |
| At which joint do the humerous and ulna meet? | Elbow |
| At which joint do the femur and tibia meet? | Tibiofemoral |
| Injury to the epihyseal disc of the tibia may | stunt the growth of the injured leg. |
| Which bone structure is most concerned with emopoiesis? | Bone marrow |
| Which of the following refers to an exaggerated thoracic curvature of the spine (hunchback)? | Kyphosis |
| Myelosuppression affects which structure? | Bone marrow |
| Osteoclastic activity | raises blood calcium levels |
| Which group of muscles is located on the posterior thigh? | Hamstrings |
| The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius | are the muscles of the quadriceps femoris |
| The brachialis and brachioradialis | flex the forearm at the elbow. |
| Which muscle lies along the anterior surface of the humerus and acts synergistically with the brachialis and brachioradialis to flex the forearm at the elbow? | Biceps brachii |
| What is the name of the cord of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone? | Tendon |
| What is the site of calcium storage in a relaxed skeletal muscle? | Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| Acetylcholine is released from the prejunctional membrane in response to the | nerve impulse. |
| Which of the following is responsible for muscle relaxation? | Calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. |
| Which of the following describes a muscle that remains in a contracted stte? | Tetany |
| Joey has had his leg in a non-weight-bearing cast for 8 weeks. When the cast is removed, the leg appears smaller than the uninjured leg. Which term best describes this observation? | Disuse Atrophy |
| Which muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is also the chief breathing muscle? | Diaphragm |
| On which large muscle do you sit? | Gluteus maximus |
| Which type of muscle requires stimulation by a somatic motor neuron? | Skeletal |
| Which of the following "slides" in the sliding filament hypothesis? | Actin and myosin |
| Muscle relaxation | occurs when calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| The somatic motor nerve that supples the muscles of the thigh has been severed; therefore, the person | cannot walk |
| Which of the following is a higher order of organization? | Organ |
| The head is located _________ to the chest. | superior |
| The foot is located __________ to the leg. | distal |
| The leg is __________ to the thigh. | distal |
| The thigh is proximal __________ to the foot. | proximal |
| The thoracic cavity is __________ to the abdominopelvic cavity. | superior |
| which organ is located in the dorsal cavity? | Brain |
| Which cavity is divided into quadrants? | Abdominopelvic |
| Which of the following refers to the lower back region? | Lumbar |
| Which of the following refers to the groin region? | Inguinal |
| Which of the following refers to the area in front of the elbow? | Antecubital |
| Which of the following is true of the dorsal cavity? | It contains the brain and spinal cord. |
| The sternal area is | the breastbone area |
| A patient has been in a car wreck and is admitted to the emergency department with a chief complaint of severe cervical pain accompanied by loss of sensation in all extremities. Which of the following indicates the site of pain? | Neck |
| A patient was admitted to the emergency department and the physician recorded the patient's pain as being substernal, radiating to the left axillary region. Which of the following is a restatement of this description? | The pain originates behind the breastbone and radiates to the left armpit area. |
| A patient with a history of gallbladder disease complains of midepigastric pain that radiates to the right subscapular region. What best describes the pain? | High abdominal pain, radiating to below the right shoulder blade area |
| Which of the following is a measurement of hydrogen ion concentration of [H+}? | pH |
| The sharing of electrons is referred to as | covalent bonding. |
| A cation is a(n) | positively charged ion. |
| Which of the following is true of an anion? | An anion carries a negative charge. |
| NaCI, table salt, is called a(n) | electrolyte. |
| Which process referes to the dissociation of NaCI into Na+ and CI-? | Ionization |
| Which of the following represents bicarbonate, an anion that is important in acid-base regulation? | HCO3- |
| Which compound is the universal solvent? | Water |
| [H+] refers to | hydrogen ion concentration. |
| Which compound is a waste product of cellular metabolism? | Carbon dioxide |
| Which of the following increases the speed of a chemical reaction, but is itself not used up in the chemical reaction? | A catalyst |
| What is the energy-transferring molecule? | ATP |
| Which of the following is most descriptive of HCI? | Is called bicarbonate |
| ATP | is an energy transfer molecule |
| An electrolyte | dissociates into ions. |
| A catalyst | increases the speed of a chemical reaction |
| Which of the following is considered the control center of the cell? | Nucleus |
| The mitochondrion is called the power plant of the cell because __________ within the mitochondrion. | most of the ATP is produced |
| Which of the following is found on the rough endoplasmic retuclum? | Ribosomes |
| What is the transport mechanism in this description: a passive process that "pulls" water from an area where there is more water to an area where there is less water? | Osmosis |
| What is the transport mechanism in this description: a passive process that uses a pressure difference as its driving force? | Filtration |
| What are the hairlike structures located on the outer surface of the cell membrane? | Cilia |
| Lyosomes are filled with | powerful enzymes that destroy cellular debris and pathogens. |
| Which of the following best describes the power or driving force for active transport? | ATP |
| What is the transport mechanism in this description: a passive process that uses a carrier molecule to move a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration? | Facilitated diffusion |
| What is the name of the process in which an intracellular protein-containing vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and expels the protein to the outside of the cell? | Exocytosis |
| Which process describes phagocytosis and pinocytosis? | Endocytosis |
| Which word means "the bursting of red blood cells"? | Hemolysis |
| If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution such as water, the cell will | swell and burst |
| Which type of solution causes crenation or shrinkage of submerged red blood cells? | Hypertonic |
| Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are phases of | mitosis. |
| Pinocytosis | refers to cellular drinking. |
| Which of the following best describes normal saline? | Isotonic |
| Which of the following best describes the eating of a bacterium by a lysosome? | Phagocytosis |
| In which structure is most DNA found? | Nucleus |
| Which of the following most accurately describes diffusion? | Passive transport |
| Oxygen moves from the lungs (high concentration) into the blood (low concentration) in response to | diffusion. |
| Which process describes the pushing of water cross the capillary (blood vessel) membrane? | Filtration |
| Which structure is described as a semipermeable lipid bilayer? | Cell membrane |
| The selectively permeable membrane | determines which substances enter and leave the cell. |
| A child has experienced to a blow to the head causing a slow bleed. Although the bleeding has stopped, the blood clot continues to expand because | the particles of the blood clot osmotically active and draw water into the clot. |
| Plasma proteins determine | plasma oncotic (osmotic) pressure. |
| If plasma protein leaks into the tissue spaces, | edema develops |
| Which of the following best describes a cell that is necrotic? | Dead |
| A cervical Pap smear indicates well differentiated cells. You would interpret this statement as | a normal cellular appearance. |
| Which of the following is a nitrogen-containing waste product? | Urea |
| Which of the following is a waste product of glucose metabolism? | CO2 |
| Glucose is usally broken down to | provide energy (ATP) for the working cells. |
| Which of the following are building blocks of protein? | Amino acids |
| Glycogen is | the storage of form of glucose |
| Which of the following is (are) produced by the rapid and incomplete breakdown of fatty acids? | Acetone and ketoacids |
| Ketone body formation is most likely to cause | acidosis. |
| Gluconeogenesis is a process that makes | glucose from protein. |
| Gluconeogenesis | increases blood glucose. |
| Which of the following is characteristic of urea? | Nitrogen-containing waste formed in the liver |
| Which of the following is most descriptive of ammonia? | Nitrogen-containing and brain-toxic |
| ***Which cavity is divided into quadrants? | Abdominopelvic |
| ***Which region is included within the right upper quadrant (RUQ)? | Right hypochondriac |
| ***Which region is included within the left lower quadrant (LLQ)? | Left iliac |
| ***Which of the following refers to the lower back region? | Lumbar |
| ***Which of the following refers to the groin region? | Inguinal |
| ***Which of the following refers to the area in front of the elbow? | Antecubital |
| ***Which of the following is a measurement of hydrogen ion concentration [H=]? | pH |
| ***A cation is a(n) | positively charged ion. |
| ***NaCI, table salt, is called a(n) | electrolyte |
| ***Which of the following is an anion? | HCO3- |
| ***Which compound is the universal solvent? | Water |
| ***Which of the following is true of Na+? | Called the sodium ion |
| ***An electrolyte | dissociates into ions. |
| ***Which of the following is most descriptive of the function of an enzyme? | Catalyst |
| ***What is the transport mechanism in this description: a passive process that "pulls" water from an area where there is more water to an area where there is less water? | Osmosis |
| ***What is the transport mechanism in this description: a passive process that uses a pressure difference as its driving force? | Filtration |
| ***Lysosomes are filled with | powerful enzymes that destroy cellular debris and pathogens. |
| ***What is the transport mechanism in this description: a passive process that uses a carrier molecule to move a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration? | Facilated diffusion |
| #19 |
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