Chapter 23 Anatomy & Physiology
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| Gel-like membrane surrounding the ovum | Zona Pellucida
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| A fertilized egg is called a | Zygote
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| Ranges from conception until birth and lasts about 266 days | Gestation
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| The duration of pregnancy is divided into three month periods called | Trimesters
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| this trimester lasts from conception through the first 12 weeks | First Trimester
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| During this period of time, the developing embryo is most susceptible to toxins, stress, drugs, and nutritional deficiencies | First Trimester
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| This trimester ranges from week 13 through week 24 | Second Trimester
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| Most of the organs are developed during this phase | Second Trimester
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| This trimester lasts from week 25 until birth | Third Trimester
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| the period of growth before birth is called | Prenatal
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| Begins at fertilization and lasts for 16 days | Preembryonic Stage
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| Begins after the sixteenth day and lasts until the eighth week | Embryonic Stage
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| Brings the eighth week and lasts until birth | Fetal Stage
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| Mitotic division of the zygote is called | Cleavage
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| **important To REMEMBER** The PROCESS when a cell splits into Two IDENTICAL daughter cells is called | Mitosis
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| **Important to REMEMBER** The growth of organs and tissues in a developing child, the repair of damaged tissue following injury, and the replacement of cells that die through the course of everyday living IS CALLED | Mitosis
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| Divides by mitosis to form two daughter cells Called | Blastomeres
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| A blackberry-like cluster 16 cells called | Morula
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| Hollow space filled with fluid | Blastocoele
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| outer most layer of the developing blastocyst | Trophoblast
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| About Six days after ovulation, the Blastocyst attaches to the endometrium | Implantation
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| the closed sac between the embryo and amnion, containing amniotic fluid is called the | Amniotic Cavity
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| the floor of the amniotic cavity is formed by the | Embryonic Disc
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| the membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment | Yolk Sac
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| Produces all organs and tissues of the body in the embryo | Germ Layers
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| is one of the primary germ layers, known as the outer most layer | Ectoderm
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| is one of the primary germ layers, known as the middle layer | Mesoderm
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| is one of the primary germ layers, known as the inner most layer | Endoderm
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| A hormone that prompts the corpus luteum to secrete estrogen and progesterone | Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
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| Develops into the epidermis, nervous system, pituitary gland, optic lens, and salivary glands. | Ectoderm
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| develops into bones, muscle, cartilage, blood, and kidneys | Mesoderm
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| develops into the epithelial lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts, parts of the bladder and urethra, thyroid and parathyroid glands, liver, and thymus | Endoderm
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| The embryonic stage begins and the product of conception is now called an | Embryo
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| A transparent sac that completely envelopes the embryo | Amnion
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| is filled with amniotic fluid | Amnion
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| the Fluid that protects the embryo from trauma as well as changes in temperature | Amniotic fluid
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| the outer most membrane of the embryo | Chorion
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| Finger like projections that penetrate the uterus | Chorion
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| serves as the foundation for the developing umbilical cord | Allantois
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| about 11 days after conception, the embryo develops a disk-shaped, pancake like organ called the | Placenta
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| Secrets hormones necessary to maintain the pregnancy and supplying the fetus with oxygen and nutrition | Placenta
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| the chronic villi projects into maternal blood sinus called | Lacunae
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| Connects fetus to placenta | Umbilical cord
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| the fetal heart pumps blood to the placenta via to | Umbilical arteries
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| the blood returns to the fetus by the way of the | Umbilical vein
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| Shunts blood around the liver | Ductus Venous
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| and opening to the two atria, shunts blood directly from the right atrium to the left | Foramen Ovale
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| livers blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, bypassing the lungs | Ductus Arteriosus
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| Pump oxygen-poor, waste-filled blood away from the fetus and towards the fetus | Umbilical Ateries
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| Carries oxygenated blood away from the and placenta towards the fetus | Umbilical Vein
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| A fine hair that covers the babys body | Lanugo
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| The lanugo is covered by white cheese-like substances called | Vernix Caseosa
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| Fetal movement is called | Quickening
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| A lipid protein mixture that reduces alveolar surface tension | Surfactant
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| Sampling of amniotic fluid | Amniocentesis
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| A mother that is having her first baby is called | Primipara
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| A mother having her second baby is called | Multipara
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| The sequence of events occur during birth is called | Labor
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| An unborn child, or another word for baby is | Neonate
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| Neonates weighing less then 5.5lbs are considered | Premature
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| the process of giving birth is called | Parturition
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| These are sometimes known as false labor | Braxton-Hicks Contractions
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| the progressive thinning of the cervical walls | Effacement
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| the progressive widening of the cervix to the allow for passage of the fetus | Dilation
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| the fetal membranes usually rupture during dilation, releasing amniotic fluid, this is often referred to as | Water Breaking
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| when giving birth the first appearance of the top of the head is called | Crowning
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| A surgical incision that is made between the vagina and the anus to enlarge the vaginal opening | Episiotomy
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| when the baby is delivered butt first this is called a ______ birth | Breech
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| delivery after the baby that includes the placenta, amnion, and other feral membranes | After Birth
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| Following Childbirth, the mammary glands produce and secrete milk to nourish the neonate, this is called | Lactation
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| High levels of _______ during pregnancy stimulate the growth of ducts throughout the mammary glands | Estrogen
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| High levels of ________ stimulate the development of acini at the ends of the ducts | Progeterone
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| A rich in protein and immunoglobulins that provide the neonate with passive immunity | Colostrum
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| The anterior pituitary secretes _______, which initiates the production of milk | Prolactin
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| The posterior pituitary secretes _______, that causes the lobules in the breast to contract , forcing milk into the ducts | Oxytocin
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| pressure changes in the heart causes the foremen ovale to shut, while pressure changes in the pulmonary artery and aorta lead the collapse of the ductus arteriosus | Cardiovascular
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| While most neonates begin breathing spontaneously, the first few breaths require considerable effort as they work to inflate the collapsed alveoli | Respiratory
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| Neonate have weak ___________ at birth, placing them at risk for infection | Immune System
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| Neonates risk becoming hypothermic because their surface area, in relationship to their size, is larger then in an adult is called | Thermoregulation
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| Neonates require a fairly high fluid intake because their immature kidneys do not concentrate urine adequately is called | Fluid Balance
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| The process of degeneration is called | Senescence
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