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Pregnancy & Human D.
Chapter 23 Anatomy & Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gel-like membrane surrounding the ovum | Zona Pellucida |
| A fertilized egg is called a | Zygote |
| Ranges from conception until birth and lasts about 266 days | Gestation |
| The duration of pregnancy is divided into three month periods called | Trimesters |
| this trimester lasts from conception through the first 12 weeks | First Trimester |
| During this period of time, the developing embryo is most susceptible to toxins, stress, drugs, and nutritional deficiencies | First Trimester |
| This trimester ranges from week 13 through week 24 | Second Trimester |
| Most of the organs are developed during this phase | Second Trimester |
| This trimester lasts from week 25 until birth | Third Trimester |
| the period of growth before birth is called | Prenatal |
| Begins at fertilization and lasts for 16 days | Preembryonic Stage |
| Begins after the sixteenth day and lasts until the eighth week | Embryonic Stage |
| Brings the eighth week and lasts until birth | Fetal Stage |
| Mitotic division of the zygote is called | Cleavage |
| **important To REMEMBER** The PROCESS when a cell splits into Two IDENTICAL daughter cells is called | Mitosis |
| **Important to REMEMBER** The growth of organs and tissues in a developing child, the repair of damaged tissue following injury, and the replacement of cells that die through the course of everyday living IS CALLED | Mitosis |
| Divides by mitosis to form two daughter cells Called | Blastomeres |
| A blackberry-like cluster 16 cells called | Morula |
| Hollow space filled with fluid | Blastocoele |
| outer most layer of the developing blastocyst | Trophoblast |
| About Six days after ovulation, the Blastocyst attaches to the endometrium | Implantation |
| the closed sac between the embryo and amnion, containing amniotic fluid is called the | Amniotic Cavity |
| the floor of the amniotic cavity is formed by the | Embryonic Disc |
| the membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment | Yolk Sac |
| Produces all organs and tissues of the body in the embryo | Germ Layers |
| is one of the primary germ layers, known as the outer most layer | Ectoderm |
| is one of the primary germ layers, known as the middle layer | Mesoderm |
| is one of the primary germ layers, known as the inner most layer | Endoderm |
| A hormone that prompts the corpus luteum to secrete estrogen and progesterone | Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) |
| Develops into the epidermis, nervous system, pituitary gland, optic lens, and salivary glands. | Ectoderm |
| develops into bones, muscle, cartilage, blood, and kidneys | Mesoderm |
| develops into the epithelial lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts, parts of the bladder and urethra, thyroid and parathyroid glands, liver, and thymus | Endoderm |
| The embryonic stage begins and the product of conception is now called an | Embryo |
| A transparent sac that completely envelopes the embryo | Amnion |
| is filled with amniotic fluid | Amnion |
| the Fluid that protects the embryo from trauma as well as changes in temperature | Amniotic fluid |
| the outer most membrane of the embryo | Chorion |
| Finger like projections that penetrate the uterus | Chorion |
| serves as the foundation for the developing umbilical cord | Allantois |
| about 11 days after conception, the embryo develops a disk-shaped, pancake like organ called the | Placenta |
| Secrets hormones necessary to maintain the pregnancy and supplying the fetus with oxygen and nutrition | Placenta |
| the chronic villi projects into maternal blood sinus called | Lacunae |
| Connects fetus to placenta | Umbilical cord |
| the fetal heart pumps blood to the placenta via to | Umbilical arteries |
| the blood returns to the fetus by the way of the | Umbilical vein |
| Shunts blood around the liver | Ductus Venous |
| and opening to the two atria, shunts blood directly from the right atrium to the left | Foramen Ovale |
| livers blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, bypassing the lungs | Ductus Arteriosus |
| Pump oxygen-poor, waste-filled blood away from the fetus and towards the fetus | Umbilical Ateries |
| Carries oxygenated blood away from the and placenta towards the fetus | Umbilical Vein |
| A fine hair that covers the babys body | Lanugo |
| The lanugo is covered by white cheese-like substances called | Vernix Caseosa |
| Fetal movement is called | Quickening |
| A lipid protein mixture that reduces alveolar surface tension | Surfactant |
| Sampling of amniotic fluid | Amniocentesis |
| A mother that is having her first baby is called | Primipara |
| A mother having her second baby is called | Multipara |
| The sequence of events occur during birth is called | Labor |
| An unborn child, or another word for baby is | Neonate |
| Neonates weighing less then 5.5lbs are considered | Premature |
| the process of giving birth is called | Parturition |
| These are sometimes known as false labor | Braxton-Hicks Contractions |
| the progressive thinning of the cervical walls | Effacement |
| the progressive widening of the cervix to the allow for passage of the fetus | Dilation |
| the fetal membranes usually rupture during dilation, releasing amniotic fluid, this is often referred to as | Water Breaking |
| when giving birth the first appearance of the top of the head is called | Crowning |
| A surgical incision that is made between the vagina and the anus to enlarge the vaginal opening | Episiotomy |
| when the baby is delivered butt first this is called a ______ birth | Breech |
| delivery after the baby that includes the placenta, amnion, and other feral membranes | After Birth |
| Following Childbirth, the mammary glands produce and secrete milk to nourish the neonate, this is called | Lactation |
| High levels of _______ during pregnancy stimulate the growth of ducts throughout the mammary glands | Estrogen |
| High levels of ________ stimulate the development of acini at the ends of the ducts | Progeterone |
| A rich in protein and immunoglobulins that provide the neonate with passive immunity | Colostrum |
| The anterior pituitary secretes _______, which initiates the production of milk | Prolactin |
| The posterior pituitary secretes _______, that causes the lobules in the breast to contract , forcing milk into the ducts | Oxytocin |
| pressure changes in the heart causes the foremen ovale to shut, while pressure changes in the pulmonary artery and aorta lead the collapse of the ductus arteriosus | Cardiovascular |
| While most neonates begin breathing spontaneously, the first few breaths require considerable effort as they work to inflate the collapsed alveoli | Respiratory |
| Neonate have weak ___________ at birth, placing them at risk for infection | Immune System |
| Neonates risk becoming hypothermic because their surface area, in relationship to their size, is larger then in an adult is called | Thermoregulation |
| Neonates require a fairly high fluid intake because their immature kidneys do not concentrate urine adequately is called | Fluid Balance |
| The process of degeneration is called | Senescence |
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Leci81
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