Chapter 22 Anatomy & Physiology
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| Primary sex organs are called | Gonads
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| gonads in males include what | Testes
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| Gonads in Females include what | Ovaries
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| Gonads produce sex cells called | Gametes
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| Gametes in in males produce what | Sperm
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| Gametes in females produce what | Eggs (ova)
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| extending from the abdomen to each testicle is a strand of connective tissue and muscle called the | Spermatic Cord
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| it contains the sperm duct, Blood and lymphatic vessels, and nerves | Spermatic Cord
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| the Sperm duct in the Spermatic Cord | Vas Deference
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| two small oval _____ lie surrounded in a sac of tissue called the Scrotum | Testes
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| the Sac holding the testes is called | Scrotum
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| divides the scrotum, isolating each testicle | Median Septum
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| this helps prevent any infection from spreading from one testes to the other | Median Septum
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| Surrounds the spermatic cord | Cremaster Muscle
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| in cold weather, it contracts to draw the testes closer to the body for warmth | Cremaster Muscle
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| the testes contain a vast length of tubules and a series of _________ ducts | Spermatic
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| Fibrous tissue separates each testis into over 200 _______ | Lobules
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| Coiled within each lobule are one to three ___________ tubules | Seminiferous
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| tiny ducts in which sperm are produced | Seminiferous
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| Seminiferous tubules contain ________ in each layer in the process of becoming sperm | Germ cells
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| A cell that gives rise to gametes | Germ cells
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| Also contained in the wall of tubule are cylindrical cells called | Sertoli Cells
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| these cells promote the development of sperm by supplying nutrients, removing waste and secreting a the hormone inhibin | Sertoli Cells
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| Sertoli Cells secrets what hormone | Inhibin
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| plays a role in the maturation and release of sperm | Inhibin
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| lying between the seminiferous tubules are clusters of | Interstitial Cells
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| Also called Leydig Cells | Interstitial Cells
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| Produce Testosterone | Interstitial Cells
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| A network of vessels that lead away from the seminiferous tubules | Rete Testis
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| these vessels provide a location in which sperm partially matures | Rete Testis
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| Conduct immature sperm away from the testis to the epididymis | Efferent Ductules
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| Sperm passes into the _________, which is attached to the posterior side of the testis | Epididymis
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| Sperm moves from the head of the _______ to the tail, maturing as they go | Epididymis
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| Sperm is stored in the tail of the ________, Where they remain fertile for 40 to 60 days | Epididymis
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| The aging of sperm disintegrate and are reabsorbed by the | Epididymis
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| Sperm leaves the tail of the epididymis and pass into the | Vas deferens
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| Travels up the spermatic cord, through the inguinal canal, and into the pelvic cavity | Vas deferens
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| it loops over the ureter and descends along the posterior bladder wall. | Vas deferens
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| As the Vas deferens turns downward , it widens into a ampulla and ends by joining the _________ to form the ejaculatory duct | Seminal Vesicle
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| they pass though the prostate empty into the urethra | Ejaculatory Ducts
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| Located in the base of the bladder, a pair of _________ secretes a thick, yellowish fluid into the ejaculatory duct. | Seminal Vesicles
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| the fluid that comprises about 60% of semen | Seminal Vesicles
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| Contains Fructose as well as other substances that nourish and ensure sperm motility | Seminal Vesicles
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| n energy source for sperm for sperm motility | Fructose
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| Sits just below the bladder, where it encircles both urethra and ejaculatory duct | Prostate Gland
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| it secrete a thin, milky fluid into the urethra | Prostate Gland
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| it comprises about 30% of the fluid portion of semen | Prostate Gland
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| adds volume to semen | Prostate Gland
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| Two Pea-shaped __________ secrete a clear fluid into the penile portion of the urethra during sexual arousal | Bulbourethral Glands
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| Also called Cowper's Glands | Bulbourethral Glands
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| Servers as a lubricant for sexual intercourse | Bulbourethral Glands
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| the fluid that neutralizes the acidity of residual urine in the urethra, which would harm sperm | Bulbourethral Glands
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| The body of the penis is called the | Shaft
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| the slightly bulging head of the penis is called (nobody uses this term but its what the head is called...) | Glans Penis
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| The loose skin covering the penis continues over the glans to form a cuff | Prepuce
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| The Foreskin of the penis | Prepuce
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| Sebaceous glands in the prepuce and foreskin secrete a waxy substance called | Smegma
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| the two larger cylinders of tissue in the penis is called | Corpus Cavernosa
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| the smaller cylinder of tissue in the penis that encircles the urethra | Corpus Spongiosum
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| the first hormone secreted at the onset of puberty in both males and females | Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
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| prompts the interstitial cells to begin secreting testosterone | Luteinizing hormone (LH)
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| is also called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) | Luteinizing hormone (LH)
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| primes the spermatogenic cells to respond to testosterone, and sperm production begins | Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
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| the development of gametes involves a process called | Meiosis
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| Sperm formation | Spermatogenesis
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| begins when a male reaches puberty and usually continues throughout life | Spermatogenesis
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| primitive sex cells with 46 chromosomes located in the walls of the seminiferous tubules | Spermatogonia
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| divided by mitosis to produce two daughter cells, each with 46 chromosomes | Spermatogonia
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| Spermatogonia differentiate into slightly larger cells called | Primary Spermatocytes
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| move towards the lumen of the seminiferous tubule | Primary Spermatocytes
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| through meiosis, the primary spermatocytes yields two genetically unique ____________, each 23 chromosomes | Secondary Spermatocytes
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| Each secondary spermatocytes divides again to form two ____________ | Spermatids
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| spermatids differentiate to form heads and tails and eventually transform into mature ________, each with 23 chromosomes | Spermatozoa
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| the ____ of the sperm contains a nucleus, which is packed with genetic material | Head
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| topping the head of the sperm is a cap call an | Acrosome
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| contains enzymes that help sperm penetrate the egg during fertilization | Acrosome
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| Contains numerous mitochondria that supply the sperm with the energy it need to migrate up the female reproductive tract | Middle Piece
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| is a flagellum whose beating, whip like movements propel the sperm forward | Tail
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| Emitted during the ejaculation that accompanies orgasm | Semen
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| whitish fluid containing both sperm and fluid secretions of the accessory glands | Semen
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| Contains between 40 and 100 million sperm | Semen
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| An immature egg is called an | Oocyte
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| A mature follicle of the ovary Is called | Graafian Follicle
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| Oocyte and surrounding follicular cells | Ovarian Follicle
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| Process whereby a mature ovum is formed | Oogenesis
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| The tubes extending from near the ovary to the uterus | Fallopian tubes
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| cells surrounding the oocyte | Follicular cells
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| A muscular chamber that houses and nurtures a growing embryo | Uterus
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| the portion of the fallopian tube closest to the uterus | Isthmus
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| the middle portion of the fallopian tube and is the usual site of egg fertilization | Ampulla
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| the distal funnel-shaped end of the fallopian tube is called the | Infundibulum
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| finger like projections connected to the fallopian tube that fans over the ovary | Fimbriae
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| the curved upper portion of the uterus is called the | Fundus
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| the upper two corners of the uterus that connect with the fallopian tubes | Fundus
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| the central region of the uterus is the | Body
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| the inferior end of the uterus is called the | Cervix
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| A passageway through the cervix called the ________, links the uterus to the vagina | Cervical canal
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| the vagina extends slightly beyond the cervix, creating pockets called | Fornices
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| Serves as a receptacle for the penis and sperm, a route for discharge of menstrual blood, and the passageway for the birth of a baby | Vagina
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| the lower end of the vagina contains ridges called | Vaginal rugae
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| A fold of mucus membrane the partially covers the entrance to the vagina | Hymen
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| the outer layer of the uterus that is serous membrane | Perimetrium
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| A thick middle layer of the uterus that consists of smooth muscle that contracts during labor to expel the fetus from the uterus | Myometrium
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| the innermost layer of the uterus where the embryo attaches | Endometrium
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| the external genitals are of the vagina is called | Vulva
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| a mound of hair-covered adipose tissue overlying the symphysis pubis | Mons Pubis
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| thick folds of skin and adipose tissue on the outside of the vagina | Labia Majora
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| two thinner, hairless folds of skin just inside the labia mojora | Labia Minora
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| the area inside the labia is called the | Vestibule
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| it contains the urethral and vaginal openings | Vestibule
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| on a female, A small mound of erectile tissue that resembles a penis | Clitoris
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| its role is strictly sensory, providing a source of sexual stimulation in a female | Clitoris
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| Also know as Skene's Glands | lesser Vestibular glands
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| A pair of mucous glands, that open into the vestibule near the urinary meatus, providing lubrication | lesser Vestibular glands
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| Also know as the Bartholin's glands | Greater Vestibular glands
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| two-pea sized glands that sit on either side of the vaginal opening | Greater Vestibular glands
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| each breast contains 15 to 20 ______ separated by fibrous tissue and adipose tissue | Lobules
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| Each lobule consists of clusters of tiny, Sac-like _____ that secrete milk during lactation | Acini
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| Acini have ducts that form into one duct called | Lactiferous duct
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| before reaching the nipple, the Lactiferous ducts enlarge slightly to form | Lactiferous sinuses
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| A pigmented area that encircles the nipple | Areola
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| help support the breast and also serve to attach the breasts to underlying pectoralis muscles | Suspensory Ligaments
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| Centers changes in the ovaries | Ovarian Cycle
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| Focuses on changes in the uterus | Menstrual Cycle
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| At birth, a female ovaries contain about 2million ________ | oocytes
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| oocytes are also called | Primary Follicles
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| the sudden spike in LH cause a follicle to rupture and the release the ovum- this process is called | Ovulation
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| if fertilization doesn't occur, the corpus luteum degenerates to inactive scar tissue called the | Corpus Albicans
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| Any method used to prevent pregnancy is called | Contraception
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