urinary system chapter 18
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| Urinary system consists of | 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
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| Function of kidneys | Excrete waste products of cells
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| Kidneys regulate blood volume by | excreting or conserving water
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| Kidneys regulate electrolytes by | excreting or conserving minerals and salts
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| Kidneys regulate pH by | excreting or conserving ions
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| Location of kidneys | superior posterior abdominal cavity under the lower ribs on both sides of the spine
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| Retroperitoneal | Behind the peritoneum
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| Kidneys are embedded in | adipose tissue for protection
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| Right kidney slightly lower because | of the liver
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| Demensions of the kidneys | about 4 inches long, 2 inches wide and 1 inch thick
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| Kidneys are covered in | renal fascia
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| Purpose of renal fascia | holds kidney in place
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| Hilus (AKA hilum) | medial indentation where the structures enter and exit the kidney
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| Renal cotex | Outer layer, contains renal corpuscles and covoluted tubules of the nephron
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| Renal medulla | Renal pyramids, Loops of Henle and the collecting tubules of the nephron
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| Papilae | The end of the pyramid where the duct empties
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| Renal columns | Extensions of the cortex into the medullathat separate the pyramids
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| Renal pelvis | A cavity, Widened area of the ureter
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| Calyces | Minor calyx and major calyx
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| Minor calyx | Encloses the papillae of the renal pyramids
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| Major calyx | 2 or 3 minor calyces join t form a major calyx
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| Major calyces join to make | the pelvis
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| Renal circulation | renal artery branches off of the abdominal aorta
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| Branches pass through the renal _______ into the cortex | columns
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| Capillares converge and eventually become | the renal valve which empties into the inferior vena cava
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| Innervation | autonomic nerves constrict and dilate the arteries and arterioles which changes blood flow
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| Blood flow is directly proportional to | urine formation
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| Autonomic nerves also stimulate the hormone | renin
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| renin released decreases and raises | decreases urine formation and increases blood pressure using the renin angiotensin mechanism
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| Nephron | functinal unit of kidney, over 1 million in kidney, forms urine from the filtrate of blood plasma
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| Glomaroilous | capillary network that starts and ends at arterioloes
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