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Urinary system chapt
urinary system chapter 18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Urinary system consists of | 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder and urethra |
| Function of kidneys | Excrete waste products of cells |
| Kidneys regulate blood volume by | excreting or conserving water |
| Kidneys regulate electrolytes by | excreting or conserving minerals and salts |
| Kidneys regulate pH by | excreting or conserving ions |
| Location of kidneys | superior posterior abdominal cavity under the lower ribs on both sides of the spine |
| Retroperitoneal | Behind the peritoneum |
| Kidneys are embedded in | adipose tissue for protection |
| Right kidney slightly lower because | of the liver |
| Demensions of the kidneys | about 4 inches long, 2 inches wide and 1 inch thick |
| Kidneys are covered in | renal fascia |
| Purpose of renal fascia | holds kidney in place |
| Hilus (AKA hilum) | medial indentation where the structures enter and exit the kidney |
| Renal cotex | Outer layer, contains renal corpuscles and covoluted tubules of the nephron |
| Renal medulla | Renal pyramids, Loops of Henle and the collecting tubules of the nephron |
| Papilae | The end of the pyramid where the duct empties |
| Renal columns | Extensions of the cortex into the medullathat separate the pyramids |
| Renal pelvis | A cavity, Widened area of the ureter |
| Calyces | Minor calyx and major calyx |
| Minor calyx | Encloses the papillae of the renal pyramids |
| Major calyx | 2 or 3 minor calyces join t form a major calyx |
| Major calyces join to make | the pelvis |
| Renal circulation | renal artery branches off of the abdominal aorta |
| Branches pass through the renal _______ into the cortex | columns |
| Capillares converge and eventually become | the renal valve which empties into the inferior vena cava |
| Innervation | autonomic nerves constrict and dilate the arteries and arterioles which changes blood flow |
| Blood flow is directly proportional to | urine formation |
| Autonomic nerves also stimulate the hormone | renin |
| renin released decreases and raises | decreases urine formation and increases blood pressure using the renin angiotensin mechanism |
| Nephron | functinal unit of kidney, over 1 million in kidney, forms urine from the filtrate of blood plasma |
| Glomaroilous | capillary network that starts and ends at arterioloes |
Created by:
nikr23
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